Storey A G, Birch N P, Fan V, Smith H K
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research and Brain Research New Zealand, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Jan;26(1):29-40. doi: 10.1111/sms.12400. Epub 2015 Jan 31.
We sought to identify and evaluate the tolerance to, and consequences of, short-term variations in training load in competitive weightlifters. Seven international-level lifters performed 1 week of initial training followed by 2 weeks of intensified (INT: +100%, 36.5 ± 11.3 × 10(3) kg/week) and 1 week of subsequently reduced (RED: -25%) training within their annual program. After INT, but not RED, 90 min of weightlifting increased mRNA levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and cellular stress-associated DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by 40-240%. Resting- and weightlifting-induced changes in plasma protein carbonyls, indicative of oxidative stress, but not pro-inflammatory CCL4 concentrations differed between INT and RED. Symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire) were reported as worse than normal more frequently during INT and RED than initial training. Global (negative) mood state increased during INT and declined during RED. Maximal snatch (-4.3 ± 3.7%) and vertical jump (-7.2 ± 6.5%), but not clean and jerk, were reduced after INT and restored after RED. Chemokine signaling may thus be part of the stress response to intense weightlifting and short-term reductions in training load support recovery from periodic INT training in weightlifters.
我们试图确定并评估竞技举重运动员对训练负荷短期变化的耐受性及其后果。七名国际水平的举重运动员在年度训练计划中先进行了1周的初始训练，随后进行了2周的强化训练（INT：增加100%，36.5±11.3×10³ kg/周），之后进行了1周的训练量减少（RED：减少25%）的训练。在强化训练后，但不是在训练量减少后，90分钟的举重训练使外周血单核细胞中趋化因子（C-C基序）配体4（CCL4）、趋化因子（C-X-C基序）受体4（CXCR4）和细胞应激相关的DNA损伤诱导转录本4（DDIT4）的mRNA水平增加了40%-240%。静息和举重诱导的血浆蛋白羰基变化（指示氧化应激），但不是促炎CCL4浓度，在强化训练和训练量减少之间存在差异。应激症状（运动员生活需求每日分析问卷）在强化训练和训练量减少期间比初始训练期间更频繁地报告为比正常情况更严重。总体（消极）情绪状态在强化训练期间增加，在训练量减少期间下降。强化训练后最大抓举（-4.3±3.7%）和垂直纵跳（-7.2±6.5%）下降，但挺举未下降，训练量减少后恢复。因此，趋化因子信号传导可能是对高强度举重应激反应的一部分，短期训练量减少有助于举重运动员从周期性的强化训练中恢复。
