Díaz-Santos Mirella, Cao Bo, Yazdanbakhsh Arash, Norton Daniel J, Neargarder Sandy, Cronin-Golomb Alice
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2015 Mar;69:183-93. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.044. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor and non-motor rigidity symptoms (e.g., cognitive and personality). The question is raised as to whether rigidity in PD also extends to perception, and if so, whether perceptual, cognitive, and personality rigidities are correlated. Bistable stimuli were presented to 28 non-demented individuals with PD and 26 normal control adults (NC). Necker cube perception and binocular rivalry were examined during passive viewing, and the Necker cube was additionally used for two volitional-control conditions: Hold one percept in front, and Switch between the two percepts. Relative to passive viewing, PD were significantly less able than NC to reduce dominance durations in the Switch condition, indicating perceptual rigidity. Tests of cognitive flexibility and a personality questionnaire were administered to explore the association with perceptual rigidity. Cognitive flexibility was not correlated with perceptual rigidity for either group. Personality (novelty seeking) correlated with dominance durations on Necker passive viewing for PD but not NC. The results indicate the presence in mild-moderate PD of perceptual rigidity and suggest shared neural substrates with novelty seeking, but functional divergence from those supporting cognitive flexibility. The possibility is raised that perceptual rigidity may be a harbinger of cognitive inflexibility later in the disease course.
帕金森病（PD）与运动和非运动的僵硬症状相关（例如认知和人格方面）。由此引发了一个问题，即PD中的僵硬是否也扩展到了感知方面，如果是，那么感知、认知和人格方面的僵硬是否相关。向28名非痴呆的PD患者和26名正常对照成年人（NC）呈现双稳态刺激。在被动观看期间检查了内克尔立方体感知和双眼竞争，并且内克尔立方体还被用于两种意志控制条件：保持一种感知在前，以及在两种感知之间切换。相对于被动观看，在切换条件下，PD患者比NC显著更难以减少优势持续时间，这表明存在感知僵硬。进行了认知灵活性测试和一份人格问卷，以探究与感知僵硬的关联。对于两组而言，认知灵活性与感知僵硬均无相关性。人格（寻求新奇）与PD患者在内克尔立方体被动观看时的优势持续时间相关，但与NC患者无关。结果表明，在轻度至中度PD中存在感知僵硬，并提示与寻求新奇存在共同的神经基础，但与支持认知灵活性的神经基础存在功能差异。由此提出一种可能性，即感知僵硬可能是疾病后期认知不灵活的先兆。
