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纳米颗粒药物递送的多尺度成像

Multiscale Imaging of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery.

作者信息

Dobrucki Lawrence W, Pan Dipanjan, Smith Andrew M

机构信息

Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

出版信息

Curr Drug Targets. 2015;16(6):560-70. doi: 10.2174/1389450116666150202163022.

Abstract

Nanoparticles have recently had a major impact on basic biosciences, the pharmaceutical industry, and preclinical and translational medicine by enabling targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo to cells and tissues. The capacity to specifically tailor the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and longterm fate of therapeutic molecules for specific diseases and to avoid off-target side effects is a tremendously promising capability of these materials. However targeting of nanoparticle therapies from systemic circulation is very inefficient, and our understanding of the fundamental processes dictating in vivo fate remains limited, making it challenging to determine how to optimally and rationally design these materials for maximum efficacy. Recently multi-modal, multi-scale imaging technologies have emerged that have helped to improve our insight into these processes. Theranostic imaging agents have provided real-time and quantitative readouts of drug distribution and therapeutic response, multimodal imaging platforms have allowed a multi-scale analysis of distribution from the levels of cells to tissues, and exciting applications in live-animal tissue microscopy have provided key insights at the cellular level. In this review, we describe how multiscale imaging has shaped our ability to optimize nanoparticle drugs and discuss future directions that are expected to further catalyze clinical translation.

摘要

纳米颗粒最近通过实现治疗性物质向细胞和组织的靶向递送,对基础生物科学、制药行业以及临床前和转化医学产生了重大影响。针对特定疾病特异性调整治疗分子的药代动力学、生物分布和长期命运,并避免脱靶副作用的能力,是这些材料极具前景的特性。然而,从体循环中靶向纳米颗粒疗法的效率非常低,而且我们对决定体内命运的基本过程的理解仍然有限,这使得确定如何最佳且合理地设计这些材料以实现最大疗效具有挑战性。最近出现了多模态、多尺度成像技术,有助于提高我们对这些过程的认识。治疗诊断成像剂提供了药物分布和治疗反应的实时定量读数,多模态成像平台允许从细胞到组织水平对分布进行多尺度分析,而在活体动物组织显微镜检查中的激动人心的应用在细胞水平上提供了关键见解。在这篇综述中,我们描述了多尺度成像如何塑造了我们优化纳米颗粒药物的能力,并讨论了有望进一步推动临床转化的未来方向。

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