Shannahan Jonathan H, Bai Wei, Brown Jared M
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA.
Receptors Clin Investig. 2015;2(3):e811. doi: 10.14800/rci.811.
Nanomaterials (NMs) are being utilized in a variety of biomedical applications including drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic targeting. These applications are made possible due to the unique physicochemical properties that are exhibited at the nanoscale. To ensure safe development of NMs for clinical use, it is necessary to understand their interactions with cells and specifically cell surface receptors, which will facilitate either their toxicity and/or clinical function. Recently our research and others have investigated the role of scavenger receptors in mediating NM-cell interactions and responses. Scavenger receptors are expressed by a variety of cell types that are first to encounter NMs during clinical use such as macrophages and endothelial cells. Scavenger receptors are recognized to facilitate uptake of a wide variety of ligands ranging from foreign substances to endogenous lipids/proteins. While interaction of NMs with scavenger receptors may allow therapeutic targeting in some instances, it also presents a challenge for the stealth delivery of NMs and avoidance of the scavenging capability of this class of receptors. Due to their role in facilitating immune responses, scavenger receptor-mediated inflammation is also of concern following NM delivery. The research highlighted in this brief review intends to summarize our current understanding regarding the consequences of NM-scavenger receptor interactions.
纳米材料（NMs）正被应用于各种生物医学领域，包括药物递送、诊断和治疗靶向。由于纳米尺度下展现出的独特物理化学性质，这些应用得以实现。为确保纳米材料临床应用的安全开发，有必要了解它们与细胞尤其是细胞表面受体的相互作用，这将有助于了解其毒性和/或临床功能。最近，我们和其他研究团队研究了清道夫受体在介导纳米材料与细胞相互作用及反应中的作用。清道夫受体由多种细胞类型表达，这些细胞类型在临床应用中最先接触纳米材料，如巨噬细胞和内皮细胞。清道夫受体被认为有助于摄取从外来物质到内源性脂质/蛋白质等多种配体。虽然在某些情况下，纳米材料与清道夫受体的相互作用可能有助于治疗靶向，但这也给纳米材料的隐形递送以及规避这类受体的清除能力带来了挑战。由于它们在促进免疫反应中的作用，纳米材料递送后，清道夫受体介导的炎症也备受关注。本简要综述中强调的研究旨在总结我们目前对纳米材料与清道夫受体相互作用后果的理解。
