Eade Jess, Healy Helen, Williams J Mark G, Chan Stella, Crane Catherine, Barnhofer Thorsten
a University of Oxford , UK.
b University of Wales , Bangor , UK.
Cogn Emot. 2006 Apr 1;20(3-4):351-82. doi: 10.1080/02699930500342522.
Five studies examined the extent to which autobiographical memory retrieval is hierarchical, whether a hierarchical search depends on central executive resources, and whether retrieving memories that are "higher" in the hierarchy impairs problem-solving ability. The first study found that random generation (assessed using a button-pressing task) was sensitive to changes in memory load (digit span). The second study showed that when participants fail to retrieve a target event, they respond with a memory that is higher up the hierarchy. The third study showed that memory is more generic only when participants use low imageable cues under cognitive load. The final two experiments showed that experimental manipulation of memory specificity affects problem solving (MEPS performance). The data are consistent with Conway and Pleydell-Pearce's hierarchical retrieval model of autobiographical memory, and suggest that overgeneral memory in nonclinical participants is associated with reduced executive capacity only when retrieval is "top-down" (generative).
五项研究考察了自传体记忆提取在多大程度上具有层级性，层级搜索是否依赖中央执行资源，以及提取层级中“更高”的记忆是否会损害问题解决能力。第一项研究发现，随机生成（通过按键任务评估）对记忆负荷（数字广度）的变化敏感。第二项研究表明，当参与者未能提取到目标事件时，他们会以层级中更高的记忆做出反应。第三项研究表明，只有当参与者在认知负荷下使用低意象性线索时，记忆才更具一般性。最后两项实验表明，对记忆特异性的实验操纵会影响问题解决（MEPS表现）。这些数据与康威和普莱德尔 - 皮尔斯的自传体记忆层级提取模型一致，并表明非临床参与者的过度概括性记忆仅在提取是“自上而下”（生成性）时才与执行能力下降相关。
