Moreira Daniel M, Nickel J Curtis, Gerber Leah, Muller Roberto L, Andriole Gerald L, Castro-Santamaria Ramiro, Freedland Stephen J
Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2015 Apr;8(4):312-7. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0260. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
Both anti- and proinflammatory effects of cigarette smoking have been described. As prostate inflammation is common, we hypothesized smoking could contribute to prostate inflammation. Thus, we evaluated the association of smoking status with acute and chronic inflammation within the prostate of men undergoing prostate biopsy. We retrospectively analyzed 8,190 men ages 50 to 75 years with PSA levels between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL enrolled in the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events study. Smoking status was self-defined as never, former, or current. Prostate inflammation was assessed by systematic central review blinded to smoking status. The association of smoking with inflammation in the baseline, 2-year, and 4-year biopsies was evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. At study enrollment, 1,233 (15%), 3,203 (39%), and 3,754 (46%) men were current, former, and never smokers, respectively. Current smokers were significantly younger and had smaller prostates than former and never smokers (all P < 0.05). Former smokers were significantly heavier than current and never smokers (P < 0.001). Acute and chronic prostate inflammations were identified in 1,261 (15%) and 6,352 (78%) baseline biopsies, respectively. In univariable analysis, current smokers were more likely to have acute inflammation than former (OR, 1.35; P, 0.001) and never smokers (OR, 1.36; P, 0.001). The results were unchanged at 2- and 4-year biopsies. In contrast, current smoking was linked with chronic inflammation in the baseline biopsy, but not at 2- and 4-year biopsies. In conclusion, among men undergoing prostate biopsy, current smoking was independently associated with acute and possibly chronic prostate inflammations.
吸烟的抗炎和促炎作用均有相关描述。由于前列腺炎症很常见，我们推测吸烟可能导致前列腺炎症。因此，我们评估了吸烟状况与接受前列腺活检男性前列腺内急性和慢性炎症之间的关联。我们回顾性分析了8190名年龄在50至75岁之间、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平在2.5至10 ng/mL之间的男性，这些男性参与了度他雄胺降低前列腺癌事件研究。吸烟状况由受试者自行定义为从不吸烟、曾经吸烟或目前吸烟。前列腺炎症通过对吸烟状况不知情的系统中心审查进行评估。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归评估吸烟与基线、2年和4年活检时炎症之间的关联。在研究入组时，分别有1233名（15%）、3203名（39%）和3754名（46%）男性为目前吸烟者、曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者。目前吸烟者明显比曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者更年轻，前列腺更小（所有P<0.05）。曾经吸烟者明显比目前吸烟者和从不吸烟者更重（P<0.001）。在基线活检中，分别有1261例（15%）和6352例（78%）发现急性和慢性前列腺炎症。在单变量分析中，目前吸烟者比曾经吸烟者（比值比[OR]，1.35；P，0.001）和从不吸烟者（OR，1.36；P，0.001）更易发生急性炎症。在2年和4年活检时结果不变。相比之下，目前吸烟与基线活检时的慢性炎症有关，但在2年和4年活检时无关。总之，在接受前列腺活检的男性中，目前吸烟与急性以及可能的慢性前列腺炎症独立相关。
