School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
BMC Cancer. 2023 Jan 26;23(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12885-023-10552-8.
Understanding the latest global spatio-temporal pattern of prostate cancer burden attributable to smoking can help guide effective global health policy. This study aims to elucidate the trends in smoking-related prostate cancer from 1990 to 2019 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study data.
Data on prostate cancer attributable to smoking were extracted from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. The numbers and age-standardized rates on smoking-related prostate cancer mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were analyzed by year, age, region, country, and socio-demographic index (SDI) level. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate the temporal trends of ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019.
Of all prostate cancer deaths and DALYs globally in 2019, 6% and 6.6% were attributable to smoking, which contributed to 29,298 (95% CI 12,789 to 46,609) deaths and 571,590 (95% CI 253,490 to 917,820) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019. The number of smoking-related deaths and DALYs showed an upward trend, increasing by half from 1990 to 2019, while ASMR and ASDR declined in five sociodemographic indexes (SDI) regions, with the fastest decline in high SDI regions. For geographical regions, Western Europe and East Asia were the high-risk areas of prostate cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking, among which China and the United States were the countries with the heaviest burden. The ASMR has decreased in all age groups, with the fastest decrease occurring in 75-79 years old. The ASMR or ASDR tended to increase in countries with the lowest SDI, but declined in countries with the highest SDI. The EAPC in ASMR or ASDR was highly negatively correlated with Human Development Index (HDI) in 2019, with coefficients 0.46.
The number of smoking-related prostate cancer deaths and DALYs continued to increase globally, whereas its ASMR and ASDR have been decreasing. This substantial progress is particularly significant in developed regions and vary across geographic regions. Medical strategies to prevent and reduce the burden should be adjusted and implemented based on country-specific disease prevalence.
了解当前全球前列腺癌负担归因于吸烟的时空分布模式，有助于指导有效的全球卫生政策。本研究旨在利用全球疾病负担研究（GBD）2019 年的数据，阐明 1990 年至 2019 年与吸烟相关的前列腺癌趋势。
从全球疾病负担研究（GBD）2019 年中提取与吸烟相关的前列腺癌数据。分析了 2019 年因吸烟导致的前列腺癌死亡率（ASMR）和伤残调整生命年（ASDR）的数量和年龄标准化率，按年份、年龄、地区、国家和社会人口学指数（SDI）水平进行分析。计算了估计的年变化百分比（EAPC），以评估 1990 年至 2019 年 ASMR 和 ASDR 的时间趋势。
2019 年全球所有前列腺癌死亡和残疾调整生命年（DALY）中，有 6%和 6.6%归因于吸烟，导致 29298 人（95%CI 12789 至 46609）死亡和 571590 人（95%CI 253490 至 917820）残疾调整生命年（DALY）。与吸烟相关的死亡人数和 DALY 呈上升趋势，从 1990 年到 2019 年增加了一半，而五个社会人口学指数（SDI）地区的 ASMR 和 ASDR 下降，高 SDI 地区下降最快。在地理区域方面，西欧和东亚是前列腺癌死亡和 DALY 归因于吸烟的高风险地区，其中中国和美国是负担最重的国家。所有年龄组的 ASMR 均呈下降趋势，75-79 岁年龄组下降最快。SDI 最低的国家的 ASMR 或 ASDR 呈上升趋势，但 SDI 最高的国家则呈下降趋势。2019 年，ASMR 或 ASDR 的 EAPC 与人类发展指数（HDI）呈高度负相关，相关系数为 0.46。
全球与吸烟相关的前列腺癌死亡人数和 DALY 继续增加，而其 ASMR 和 ASDR 呈下降趋势。这一显著进展在发达地区尤为明显，且在不同地理区域之间存在差异。应根据各国的疾病流行情况，调整和实施预防和减少疾病负担的医疗策略。
