Jaacks Lindsay M, Slining Meghan M, Popkin Barry M
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; and.
Department of Health Sciences, Furman University, Greenville, SC.
J Nutr. 2015 Feb;145(2):352-7. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.203562. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Long-term trends mask critical recent dynamics in the prevalence of under- and overweight.
The objective of this study was to compare annualized prevalence rates of both under- and overweight among nonpregnant women aged 19-49 y during the periods covering 1) the 1990s-the early 2000s and 2) the early 2000s-the late 2000s or early 2010s, by rural-urban residence.
Data are from nationally representative surveys (29 Demographic and Health Surveys and 4 national surveys). Standardized protocols were used to measure weight and height. Underweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m(2) and overweight as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2).
From the 1990s to the early 2000s, most countries were making progress on decreasing the prevalence of underweight, especially in rural areas. Although many countries continued to make progress more recently, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that previously had a decreasing prevalence of underweight now have an increasing prevalence of underweight. For example, in rural areas of Senegal, the prevalence of underweight decreased 0.23% annually between 1992 and 2005, then increased 1.60% annually between 2005 and 2010. Meanwhile, the prevalence of overweight is increasing in nearly all countries, and in approximately half of all countries, the rate of increase is greater in rural areas than in urban areas. Although underweight persists as more prevalent than overweight in rural areas of many East Asian, South Asian, and Sub-Saharan African countries, the ratio of underweight to overweight in many countries has decreased over time, indicating that this trend is reversing.
Select countries in Sub-Saharan Africa may be more susceptible to food crises and should be targets for intervention. At the same time, global health efforts need to focus on preventing overweight, particularly in rural areas, which are quickly catching up to their urban counterparts.
长期趋势掩盖了近期体重过轻和超重患病率的关键动态变化。
本研究的目的是比较1990年代至21世纪初以及21世纪初至21世纪末或2010年代初这两个时期，按城乡居住地划分的19 - 49岁非孕妇女体重过轻和超重的年化患病率。
数据来自具有全国代表性的调查（29项人口与健康调查和4项全国性调查）。采用标准化方案测量体重和身高。体重过轻定义为体重指数（BMI）<18.5 kg/m²，超重定义为BMI≥25 kg/m²。
从1990年代到21世纪初，大多数国家在降低体重过轻患病率方面取得了进展，尤其是在农村地区。尽管许多国家最近继续取得进展，但撒哈拉以南非洲的几个国家，之前体重过轻患病率呈下降趋势，现在体重过轻患病率却在上升。例如，在塞内加尔农村地区，1992年至2005年间体重过轻患病率每年下降0.23%，而在2005年至2010年间每年上升1.60%。与此同时，几乎所有国家超重患病率都在上升，并且在大约一半的国家中，农村地区的上升速度高于城市地区。尽管在许多东亚、南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲国家的农村地区，体重过轻仍然比超重更为普遍，但许多国家体重过轻与超重的比例随着时间的推移而下降，这表明这种趋势正在逆转。
撒哈拉以南非洲的部分国家可能更容易受到粮食危机的影响，应成为干预目标。与此同时，全球卫生工作需要关注预防超重，特别是在农村地区，农村地区超重情况正迅速向城市地区看齐。
