Aucella Filippo, Battaglia Yuri, Bellizzi Vincenzo, Bolignano Davide, Capitanini Alessandro, Cupisti Adamasco
Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Scientific Institut for Research and Health Care "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" IRCCS, Viale Cappuccini n. 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy,
J Nephrol. 2015 Apr;28(2):143-50. doi: 10.1007/s40620-014-0169-6. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
In the general population, moderate exercise is associated with several health benefits including a decreased risk of obesity, coronary heart disease, stroke, certain types of cancer and all-cause mortality. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), physical inability is an independent risk of death. Health benefits of regular exercise in CKD patients include improvements in functional and psychological measures such as aerobic and walking capacity and health-related quality of life. Nonetheless, in CKD patients exercise rehabilitation is not routinely prescribed. Renal patients are heterogeneous across the different stages of CKD so that the assessment of physical capability is mandatory for a correct exercise program prescription. To plan appropriate exercise programs in the CKD setting, targeted professional figures should be actively involved as many psychological or logistic barriers may hamper exercise implementation in these subjects. Different approaches, such as home exercise rehabilitation programs, supervised exercise training or in-hospital gym may theoretically be proposed. However, physical exercise should always be tailored to the individual capacity and comorbidities and each patient should ideally be involved in the decision-making process.
在普通人群中，适度运动对健康有诸多益处，包括降低肥胖、冠心病、中风、某些类型癌症以及全因死亡率的风险。在慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者中，身体功能障碍是独立的死亡风险因素。CKD患者定期运动的健康益处包括改善功能和心理指标，如有氧能力、步行能力以及与健康相关的生活质量。尽管如此，CKD患者的运动康复并未常规开展。CKD不同阶段的肾病患者情况各异，因此对身体能力进行评估对于正确制定运动计划至关重要。为在CKD患者中规划合适的运动计划，应积极邀请专业人员参与，因为许多心理或后勤方面的障碍可能会阻碍这些患者进行运动。理论上可以提出不同的方法，如家庭运动康复计划、监督下的运动训练或院内健身房锻炼。然而，体育锻炼应始终根据个人能力和合并症进行调整，理想情况下，每位患者都应参与决策过程。
