National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 2363 Valleta Lane, Louisville, KY, USA.
Environ Int. 2015 Apr;77:55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.008. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-volume, synthetic compound found in epoxy resins and plastics used in food packaging. Food is believed to be a major source of BPA intake. In this study, we measured the concentration of BPA in convenience samplings of foodstuffs purchased in Dallas, Texas. Sampling entailed collection of 204 samples of fresh, frozen, and canned foods in two rounds in 2010. BPA was positive in 73% of the canned food samples, while it was found in only 7% of non-canned foods at low concentrations. The results of this food sampling program were used to calculate adult dietary intakes of BPA. A pathway approach combined food intakes, a "canned fraction" parameter which described what portion of total intake of that food came from canned products, and measured food concentrations. Dietary intakes were calculated as 12.6 ng/kg-day, of which 12.4 ng/kg-day was from canned foods. Canned vegetable intakes alone were 11.9 ng/kg-day. This dietary intake was compared to total intakes of BPA estimated from urine measurements of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Total adult central tendency intakes ranged from 30 to 70 ng/kg-day for NHANES cycles between 2005 and 2010. Three possibilities were explored to explain the difference between these two approaches for intake estimation. Not all foods which may have been canned, particularly canned beverages such as soft drinks, were sampled in our food sampling program. Second, non-food pathways of exposure may be important for adults, including thermal paper exposures, and dust and air exposures. Finally, our canned food concentrations may not be adequately representative of canned foods in the United States; they were found to be generally lower compared to canned food concentrations measured in six other worldwide food surveys including three in North America. Our finding that canned food concentrations greatly exceeded non-canned concentrations was consistent with other studies, and underscores the importance of canned foods in the overall exposure of adults of BPA.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种高产量的合成化合物，存在于用于食品包装的环氧树脂和塑料中。人们认为食物是 BPA 摄入的主要来源。在这项研究中，我们测量了在德克萨斯州达拉斯市购买的方便抽样食品中的 BPA 浓度。采样包括在 2010 年两轮中收集 204 份新鲜、冷冻和罐装食品样本。73%的罐装食品样本中 BPA 呈阳性，而只有 7%的非罐装食品中 BPA 浓度较低。这项食品抽样计划的结果用于计算成人 BPA 的饮食摄入量。一种途径方法结合了食物摄入量、一个描述该食物总摄入量中有多少来自罐装产品的“罐装部分”参数，以及测量的食物浓度。饮食摄入量计算为 12.6ng/kg-day，其中 12.4ng/kg-day 来自罐装食品。仅罐装蔬菜的摄入量就为 11.9ng/kg-day。将这种饮食摄入量与全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）尿液测量估计的 BPA 总摄入量进行了比较。NHANES 周期在 2005 年至 2010 年之间，成人总体趋势摄入量范围为 30 至 70ng/kg-day。研究人员探索了三种可能性来解释这两种摄入量估计方法之间的差异。我们的食品抽样计划并没有包括所有可能罐装的食品，特别是罐装饮料，如软饮料。其次，非食物暴露途径可能对成年人很重要，包括热敏纸暴露和灰尘及空气暴露。最后，我们的罐装食品浓度可能不能充分代表美国的罐装食品；与包括北美三个地区在内的六个其他全球食品调查中测量的罐装食品浓度相比，它们普遍较低。我们发现罐装食品浓度大大超过非罐装食品浓度的发现与其他研究一致，强调了罐装食品在成人 BPA 整体暴露中的重要性。
