Fu Jingyan, Hagan Iain M, Glover David M
Cancer Research UK Cell Cycle Genetics Group, Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom.
Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Feb 2;7(2):a015800. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015800.
The centrosome was discovered in the late 19th century when mitosis was first described. Long recognized as a key organelle of the spindle pole, its core component, the centriole, was realized more than 50 or so years later also to comprise the basal body of the cilium. Here, we chart the more recent acquisition of a molecular understanding of centrosome structure and function. The strategies for gaining such knowledge were quickly developed in the yeasts to decipher the structure and function of their distinctive spindle pole bodies. Only within the past decade have studies with model eukaryotes and cultured cells brought a similar degree of sophistication to our understanding of the centrosome duplication cycle and the multiple roles of this organelle and its component parts in cell division and signaling. Now as we begin to understand these functions in the context of development, the way is being opened up for studies of the roles of centrosomes in human disease.
中心体是在19世纪晚期随着有丝分裂首次被描述时被发现的。长期以来，它一直被认为是纺锤体极的关键细胞器，其核心成分——中心粒，在大约50多年后也被发现构成了纤毛的基体。在这里，我们梳理了对中心体结构和功能的分子理解的最新进展。在酵母中很快就开发出了获取此类知识的策略，以解读其独特的纺锤体极体的结构和功能。直到过去十年，对模式真核生物和培养细胞的研究才使我们对中心体复制周期以及该细胞器及其组成部分在细胞分裂和信号传导中的多种作用有了类似程度的深入理解。现在，随着我们开始在发育背景下理解这些功能，研究中心体在人类疾病中的作用的道路正在被开辟出来。
