Sadykov Marat R
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Staphylococcal Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1373:9-23. doi: 10.1007/7651_2014_180.
Genetic manipulation is a powerful approach to study fundamental aspects of bacterial physiology, metabolism, and pathogenesis. Most Staphylococcus aureus strains are remarkably difficult to genetically manipulate as they possess strong host defense mechanisms that protect bacteria from cellular invasion by foreign DNA. In S. aureus these bacterial "immunity" mechanisms against invading genomes are mainly associated with restriction-modification systems. To date, prokaryotic restriction-modification systems are classified into four different types (Type I-IV), all of which have been found in the sequenced S. aureus genomes. This chapter describes the roles, classification, mechanisms of action of different types of restriction-modification systems and the recent advances in the biology of restriction and modification in S. aureus.
基因操作是研究细菌生理学、代谢和发病机制基本方面的一种强大方法。大多数金黄色葡萄球菌菌株极难进行基因操作，因为它们拥有强大的宿主防御机制，可保护细菌免受外源DNA的细胞侵袭。在金黄色葡萄球菌中，这些针对入侵基因组的细菌“免疫”机制主要与限制修饰系统相关。迄今为止，原核生物限制修饰系统分为四种不同类型（I型-IV型），所有这些类型都已在已测序的金黄色葡萄球菌基因组中发现。本章描述了不同类型限制修饰系统的作用、分类、作用机制以及金黄色葡萄球菌限制与修饰生物学的最新进展。
