Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 Apr 12;2:49. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00049. eCollection 2012.
Most strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis possess a strong restriction barrier that hinders exchange of DNA. Recently, major advances have been made in identifying and characterizing the restriction-modification (RM) systems involved. In particular a novel type IV restriction enzyme that recognizes cytosine methylated DNA has been shown to be the major barrier to transfer of plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli into S. aureus and S. epidermidis. While the conserved type I RM system provides a further barrier. Here we review the recent advances in understanding of restriction systems in staphylococci and highlight how this has been exploited to improve our ability to manipulate genetically previously untransformable strains.
大多数金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌菌株具有强大的限制屏障，阻碍 DNA 的交换。最近，在鉴定和描述相关的限制修饰（RM）系统方面取得了重大进展。特别是，一种新型的 IV 型限制酶，可识别胞嘧啶甲基化 DNA，已被证明是阻碍质粒 DNA从大肠杆菌转移到金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的主要障碍。而保守的 I 型 RM 系统提供了进一步的障碍。本文综述了近年来对葡萄球菌限制系统的理解，并强调了如何利用这一系统来提高我们对以前无法转化的菌株进行遗传操作的能力。
