Graf Peter, Yu Martin
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
PLoS One. 2015 Feb 3;10(2):e0116953. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116953. eCollection 2015.
This study examined the separate influence and joint influences on event-based prospective memory task performance due to the valence of cues and the valence of contexts. We manipulated the valence of cues and contexts with pictures from the International Affective Picture System. The participants, undergraduate students, showed higher performance when neutral compared to valenced pictures were used for cueing prospective memory. In addition, neutral pictures were more effective as cues when they occurred in a valenced context than in the context of neutral pictures, but the effectiveness of valenced cues did not vary across contexts that differed in valence. The finding of an interaction between cue and context valence indicates that their respective influence on event-based prospective memory task performance cannot be understood in isolation from each other. Our findings are not consistent with by the prevailing view which holds that the scope of attention is broadened and narrowed, respectively, by positively and negatively valenced stimuli. Instead, our findings are more supportive of the recent proposal that the scope of attention is determined by the motivational intensity associated with valenced stimuli. Consistent with this proposal, we speculate that the motivational intensity associated with different retrieval cues determines the scope of attention, that contexts with different valence values determine participants' task engagement, and that prospective memory task performance is determined jointly by attention scope and task engagement.
本研究考察了线索效价和情境效价对基于事件的前瞻记忆任务表现的单独影响和联合影响。我们使用国际情感图片系统中的图片来操纵线索和情境的效价。参与者为本科生，当用于提示前瞻记忆的是中性图片而非有情感效价的图片时，他们的表现更高。此外，当中性图片出现在有情感效价的情境中时，作为线索比出现在中性图片情境中更有效，但有情感效价的线索的有效性在效价不同的情境中并无差异。线索效价和情境效价之间存在交互作用这一发现表明，它们对基于事件的前瞻记忆任务表现的各自影响不能孤立地理解。我们的发现与普遍观点不一致，普遍观点认为，正性和负性情感效价的刺激分别会扩大和缩小注意范围。相反，我们的发现更支持最近的一种观点，即注意范围由与情感效价刺激相关的动机强度决定。与这一观点一致，我们推测与不同提取线索相关的动机强度决定注意范围，不同效价值的情境决定参与者的任务投入程度，且前瞻记忆任务表现由注意范围和任务投入程度共同决定。
