School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Division of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
Int J Psychol. 2022 Oct;57(5):577-584. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12847. Epub 2022 Apr 16.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reduced specificity in autobiographical memory. It has been argued that this tendency occurs through a failure of effortful generative retrieval, regardless of valence of cue word. However, we propose that in MDD general memories are likely to be recalled via direct retrieval, and direct retrieval is more likely for negatively valenced cues. To provide a preliminary test of this, a large sample with MDD (N = 298; M age = 47.2) completed the autobiographical memory test and indicated whether retrievals were generative or direct. Categoric and extended memories for negatively valenced cues were more often directly retrieved than generatively retrieved, and more often than direct retrieval for positively valenced cues. In contrast, categoric and extended memories for positively valenced cues were more often generatively retrieved relative to generative retrieval for negatively valenced cues. Relative to non-clinical samples, direct retrieval for negatively valenced cues was high. Retrieval method and valence may be moderating processes in the type of memories recalled. This preliminary work presents the possibility of an extension of theory on retrieval tendencies in MDD.
重度抑郁症（MDD）与自传体记忆特异性降低有关。有人认为，这种趋势是由于努力生成检索失败而发生的，而与提示词的正负无关。然而，我们提出，在 MDD 中，一般记忆可能通过直接检索来回忆，而直接检索更有可能针对负性提示词。为了对此进行初步检验，一个有大量 MDD 患者（N=298；M 年龄=47.2）的样本完成了自传体记忆测试，并表示检索是生成性的还是直接的。负性提示词的类别记忆和扩展记忆更常通过直接检索而不是生成性检索来检索，也比正性提示词的直接检索更常检索。相比之下，正性提示词的类别记忆和扩展记忆比负性提示词的生成性检索更常通过生成性检索来检索。与非临床样本相比，负性提示词的直接检索率较高。检索方法和 valence 可能是调节 MDD 中记忆类型的调节过程。这项初步工作提出了在 MDD 中检索倾向理论扩展的可能性。
