Mares Suzanne H W, Stone Lisanne L, Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna, Engels Rutger C M E
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Addict Behav. 2015 Jun;45:93-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
According to the cognitive model of intergenerational transference, modeling of alcohol use is an indirect process in which parental drinking shapes alcohol expectancies of children, which in turn are associated with later alcohol use in adolescents. The present study examined whether parental alcohol use was related to alcohol expectancies and experimentation with alcohol use in young children. A community sample of 240 children aged 8.02 (SD=1.13) participated. Alcohol expectancies were assessed by means of the Berkeley Puppet Interview. Children reported consistently and reliably on the positive and negative consequences of alcohol use among adults. Their positive and negative expectancies were equally strong. Compared to younger children, older children had more negative and less positive expectancies. For girls, more paternal alcohol use was associated with less negative alcohol expectancies. For older children, more alcohol use of the mother was related to less positive expectancies, while more alcohol use of the father was related to more positive expectancies. The present study showed that young children already have clear ideas about the positive and negative consequences alcohol can have among adults, which can be captured with the Berkeley Puppet Interview. These expectancies are partly associated with alcohol use of their parents.
根据代际传递的认知模型，饮酒行为的示范是一个间接过程，在此过程中，父母饮酒塑造了孩子对酒精的预期，而这反过来又与青少年后期的饮酒行为相关。本研究调查了父母饮酒是否与幼儿对酒精的预期以及酒精使用尝试有关。选取了一个由240名8.02岁（标准差=1.13）儿童组成的社区样本参与研究。通过伯克利木偶访谈来评估对酒精的预期。孩子们一致且可靠地报告了成年人饮酒的积极和消极后果。他们的积极和消极预期同样强烈。与年幼的孩子相比，年长的孩子有更多消极预期和更少积极预期。对于女孩来说，父亲饮酒量增加与消极酒精预期减少有关。对于年长的孩子，母亲饮酒量增加与积极预期减少有关，而父亲饮酒量增加与积极预期增加有关。本研究表明，幼儿已经对酒精在成年人中可能产生的积极和消极后果有清晰的认知，这可以通过伯克利木偶访谈来获取。这些预期部分与他们父母的饮酒行为有关。
