College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
Anim Genet. 2022 Dec;53(6):803-813. doi: 10.1111/age.13261. Epub 2022 Sep 7.
Mitochondria follow non-Mendelian maternal inheritance, and thus can be used to compare genetic diversity and infer the expansion and migration between animal populations. Based on the mitochondrial DNA sequences of 58 pig breeds from Asia, Europe, Oceania, and America, we observed a distinct division of Eurasian pig species into two main Haplogroups (A and B), with the exception of the Berkshire and Yorkshire breeds. Oceanian pigs were much more similar to European and American pigs in Haplogroup A. Additionally, native Chinese pigs exhibited the most abundant genetic polymorphisms and occupied the centre of Haplogroup B. Miyazaki (Japan) and Siberia (Russia) are two distant and disconnected regions; however, most pigs from these regions were clustered into a subcluster, while native pigs from Korea clustered into a second subcluster. This study is the first to report that pigs from Thailand and Vietnam had haplotypes similar to those of Henan, where the earliest evidence of domestic pigs was found from the Yellow River Basin of North China. Local Henan pig breeds are related to many Asian breeds while still having their own mutation identity, such as g.314 delins T>AC/AT/C of the 12S rRNA gene in Yuxi. Some pigs from Palawan, Itbayat, and Batan Islands of the Philippines and Lanyu Island of China were distinct from other Asian pigs and clustered together into Haplogroup C. These findings show that the complexity of domestication of worldwide pig breeds and mitochondria could reflect genetic communication between pig breeds due to geographical proximity and human activities.
线粒体遵循非孟德尔式母系遗传，因此可用于比较遗传多样性，并推断动物种群之间的扩张和迁移。基于来自亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲和美洲的 58 个猪品种的线粒体 DNA 序列，我们观察到欧亚猪种明显分为两个主要单倍群（A 和 B），除了伯克夏猪和约克夏猪。在单倍群 A 中，大洋洲猪与欧洲和美洲猪更为相似。此外，中国本土猪表现出最丰富的遗传多态性，占据了单倍群 B 的中心。宫崎（日本）和西伯利亚（俄罗斯）是两个遥远且不相连的地区；然而，来自这些地区的大多数猪都聚集在一个亚群中，而来自韩国的本土猪则聚集在另一个亚群中。本研究首次报道，来自泰国和越南的猪具有与中国河南相似的单倍型，中国河南是最早在华北黄河流域发现家猪的地方。当地河南猪种与许多亚洲品种有关，但仍具有自己的突变特征，如豫西 12S rRNA 基因 g.314delinsT>AC/AT/C。来自菲律宾的巴拉望、伊塔拜和巴坦群岛以及中国的兰屿的一些猪与其他亚洲猪种不同，它们聚集在一起形成单倍群 C。这些发现表明，全世界猪品种的驯化和线粒体的复杂性可以反映由于地理位置接近和人类活动导致的猪种之间的遗传交流。
