Illinois Institute of Technology Department of Psychology 3424S. State Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
Illinois Institute of Technology Department of Psychology 3424S. State Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
Psychiatry Res. 2015 Mar 30;226(1):186-91. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.047. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
Social desirability can influence reports of stigma change in that subscribing to stigmatizing attitudes might pose a threat to personal beliefs of open-mindedness, while endorsing difference might not be as troubling. A measure is needed that assesses stigma change but is less susceptible to desirability effects. This study examined the psychometrics of various assessments of perceived difference from a person with mental illness. A total of 460 participants were recruited online using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Four measures of difference, the Likert Scale of Difference, Semantic Differential: Similar-Different Scale, Semantic Differential: Mental Illness versus Other Illness scale, and Cause of Perceived Difference Scale were compared to measures of stereotypes, affirming attitudes, and care seeking. A vignette describing a person with mental illness anchored the Difference Scale and a measure of stereotype. Results showed that measures of difference yielded significantly higher endorsements than measures of stereotypes; the Semantic Differential Scale: Similar-Different was endorsed at a higher rate than other difference scales. Difference scores were positively related to stereotypes and inversely related to affirming attitudes. Difference was also found to influence empowerment separate from, and in addition to stereotype. These results suggest a new domain as an efficient and sensitive measure of stigma change.
社交期望会影响对污名变化的报告，因为接受污名化的态度可能会对个人开放思想的信念构成威胁，而认同差异则不会造成如此大的困扰。需要有一种评估污名变化但不易受期望影响的方法。本研究检验了从患有精神疾病的人身上感知到的差异的各种评估方法的心理测量学特性。共有 460 名参与者通过亚马逊的 Mechanical Turk 在线招募。比较了四种差异测量方法：差异量表、语义差异：相似-不同量表、语义差异：精神疾病与其他疾病量表和感知差异原因量表，以及刻板印象、肯定态度和寻求护理的测量方法。一个描述有精神疾病的人的案例描述了差异量表和刻板印象的衡量标准。结果表明，差异衡量标准比刻板印象衡量标准得到了更高的认可；语义差异量表：相似-不同的认可率高于其他差异量表。差异得分与刻板印象呈正相关，与肯定态度呈负相关。差异也被发现除了刻板印象之外还能单独影响赋权。这些结果表明，一个新的领域是评估污名变化的有效和敏感的方法。
