Cheng Michael L, Zhang Li, Borok Margaret, Chokunonga Eric, Dzamamala Charles, Korir Anne, Wabinga Henry R, Hiatt Robert A, Parkin D Max, Van Loon Katherine
Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Cancer Epidemiol. 2015 Apr;39(2):143-9. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.01.001. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
The incidence of oesophageal cancer (OC) varies geographically, with more than 80% of cases and deaths worldwide occurring in developing countries. The aim of this study is to characterize the disease burden of OC in four urban populations in Eastern Africa, which may represent a previously undescribed high-incidence area. Data on all cases of OC diagnosed between 2004 and 2008 were obtained from four population-based cancer registries in: Blantyre, Malawi; Harare, Zimbabwe; Kampala, Uganda; and Nairobi, Kenya. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated for each population, and descriptive statistics for incident cases were determined. In Blantyre, 351 male (59%) and 239 (41%) female cases were reported, with ASRs of 47.2 and 30.3. In Harare, 213 male (61%) and 134 (39%) female cases were reported, with ASRs of 33.4 and 25.3, respectively. In Kampala, 196 male (59%) and 137 female (41%) cases were reported, with ASRs of 36.7 and 24.8. In Nairobi, 323 male (57%) and 239 female (43%) cases were reported, with ASRs of 22.6 and 21.6. Median age at diagnosis was significantly different among the four populations, ranging from 50 years in Blantyre to 65 years in Harare (p<0.0001). Except in Nairobi, incidence among males was significantly higher than among females (p<0.01). Squamous cell OC was the predominant histologic subtype at all sites. ASRs at all four sites were remarkably higher than the mean worldwide ASR. Investigation to evaluate potential etiologic effects of dietary, lifestyle, environmental, and other factors impacting the incidence in this region is needed.
食管癌（OC）的发病率在全球各地存在差异，全球超过80%的病例和死亡发生在发展中国家。本研究的目的是描述东非四个城市人群中OC的疾病负担，这可能代表了一个此前未被描述的高发病区。2004年至2008年期间诊断的所有OC病例的数据来自以下四个基于人群的癌症登记处：马拉维的布兰太尔；津巴布韦的哈拉雷；乌干达的坎帕拉；肯尼亚的内罗毕。计算了每个城市人群的年龄标准化发病率（ASR），并确定了发病病例的描述性统计数据。在布兰太尔，报告了351例男性（59%）和239例女性（41%）病例，ASR分别为47.2和30.3。在哈拉雷，报告了213例男性（61%）和134例女性（39%）病例，ASR分别为33.4和25.3。在坎帕拉，报告了196例男性（59%）和137例女性（41%）病例，ASR分别为36.7和24.8。在奈洛比，报告了323例男性（57%）和239例女性（43%）病例，ASR分别为22.6和21.6。四个城市人群的诊断中位年龄存在显著差异，从布兰太尔的50岁到哈拉雷的65岁（p<0.0001）。除奈洛比外，男性发病率显著高于女性（p<0.01）。鳞状细胞OC是所有地区的主要组织学亚型。所有四个地区的ASR均显著高于全球平均ASR。需要开展调查，以评估饮食、生活方式、环境及其他因素对该地区发病率的潜在病因学影响。
