Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Mar 3;49(5):2912-20. doi: 10.1021/es505946e. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
Dust, indoor air, outgoing air from ventilation systems, outdoor air, and soil were sampled in and around Stockholm, Sweden during the winter and spring 2012. The concentrations of several emerging flame retardants (EFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and isomers of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) were measured. The most commonly found EFR was 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH or DBE-DBCH), which was found in nearly all indoor, ventilation, and outdoor air samples, most dust samples, but not in soil samples. Other frequently detected EFRs included pentabromotoluene (PBT), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-ethylhexylbenzoate (EHTBB), 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEH-TEBP), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). PBDE concentrations were significantly lower in air and dust samples compared to a previous study in Stockholm. In outdoor air, DBE-DBCH, PBT, EHTBB, DBDPE, and PBDEs showed an "urban pulse" with concentrations increasing as samples were taken in more urban areas compared to rural areas. These EFRs show similar environmental behavior as PBDEs. Higher brominated BDEs showed this same urban pulse in soil but lower brominated BDEs did not. Air-soil fugacity fractions were calculated, and these indicated that most compounds are undergoing net deposition from atmosphere to soil, with the higher brominated PBDEs furthest from equilibrium.
2012 年冬季和春季，在瑞典斯德哥尔摩及其周边地区采集了灰尘、室内空气、通风系统排出的空气、室外空气和土壤样本。测量了几种新兴阻燃剂（EFRs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）异构体的浓度。最常见的 EFR 是 1,2-二溴-4-(1,2-二溴乙基)环己烷（TBECH 或 DBE-DBCH），几乎存在于所有室内、通风和室外空气样本、大多数灰尘样本中，但不存在于土壤样本中。其他经常检测到的 EFR 包括五溴甲苯（PBT）、六溴苯（HBB）、2,3,4,5-四溴乙基己基苯甲酸酯（EHTBB）、2,3,4,5-四溴双（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（BEH-TEBP）和十溴二苯醚（DBDPE）。与斯德哥尔摩之前的一项研究相比，空气和灰尘样本中的 PBDE 浓度显著降低。在室外空气中，DBE-DBCH、PBT、EHTBB、DBDPE 和 PBDEs 表现出“城市脉冲”，与农村地区相比，在城市地区采集的样本中浓度增加。这些 EFRs 表现出与 PBDEs 相似的环境行为。在土壤中，高溴化 BDEs 也表现出相同的城市脉冲，但低溴化 BDEs 则没有。计算了空气-土壤逸度分数，这些分数表明，大多数化合物正在从大气向土壤中进行净沉积，高溴化 PBDEs 离平衡最远。
