ADHD 患者更倾向于选择较小的即时奖励而非较大的延迟奖励：延迟时间和范式类型的影响。
Preference for Smaller Sooner Over Larger Later Rewards in ADHD: Contribution of Delay Duration and Paradigm Type.
机构信息
1 Beijing Normal University, China.
2 Ghent University, Belgium.
出版信息
J Atten Disord. 2018 Aug;22(10):984-993. doi: 10.1177/1087054715570390. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
OBJECTIVE
Individuals with ADHD preferentially choose smaller sooner (SS) over larger later (LL) rewards, termed impulsive choice. This has been observed to different degrees on single-choice and more complex discounting tasks using various types of rewards and durations of delays. There has been no direct comparison of performance of ADHD children using these two paradigms.
METHOD
Two experimental paradigms, single-choice and temporal discounting, each including two delay conditions (13 and 25 s), were administered to 7- to 9-year-old children with ADHD ( n = 17) and matched controls ( n = 24).
RESULTS
Individuals with ADHD chose more SS rewards than controls on both tasks, but in the long delay condition only.
CONCLUSION
These findings demonstrate that delay durations rather than paradigm types determine laboratory-based measures of choice impulsivity in ADHD.
目的
患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个体更倾向于选择较小的即刻奖励（SS）而非较大的延迟奖励（LL），这被称为冲动选择。在使用不同类型的奖励和延迟时间的单项选择和更复杂的折扣任务中，都观察到了不同程度的这种现象。目前还没有直接比较使用这两种范式的 ADHD 儿童的表现。
方法
对 7 至 9 岁的 ADHD 儿童（n=17）和匹配对照组（n=24）进行了两种实验范式，即单项选择和时间折扣，每个范式都包括两种延迟条件（13 和 25 秒）。
结果
ADHD 个体在两项任务中都比对照组选择了更多的 SS 奖励，但仅在长延迟条件下如此。
结论
这些发现表明，是延迟时间而不是范式类型决定了 ADHD 中基于实验室的选择冲动性的衡量标准。
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