Khamrin Pattara, Maneekarn Niwat, Okitsu Shoko, Ushijima Hiroshi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand.
Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Virusdisease. 2014;25(2):195-200. doi: 10.1007/s13337-014-0200-5. Epub 2014 Feb 26.
Kobuviruses are member of the family Picornaviridae. Initially, members in Kobuvirus genus were named according to the basis of their host species. The viruses found in humans called "Aichi virus", the viruses from cattle called "bovine kobuvirus", and the viruses isolated from pigs called "porcine kobuvirus". Currently, taxonomy of kobuviruses has been proposed and the virus species have been renamed. The "Aichi virus" has been renamed as "Aichivirus A", "bovine kobuvirus" has been renamed as "Aichivirus B", and "porcine kobuvirus" has been changed to "Aichivirus C". Among Aichivirus A, three distinct members, including Aichi virus 1 (Aichivirus in human), canine kobuvirus 1, and murine kobuvirus 1, have been described. Aichi virus 1 in human is globally distributed and has been identified at low incidence (0-3 %) in sporadic acute gastroenteritis cases. Aichi virus 1 has been reported to be associated with variety types of clinical illnesses including diarrhea, vomiting, fever, purulent conjunctivitis, and respiratory symptoms. The studies from Japan, Spain, Germany, and Tunisia demonstrated that high antibody prevalence against Aichi virus 1 were found in the populations. Aichivirus B or previously known as bovine kobuvirus was first reported in 2003. Since then, Aichivirus B has also been reported from several countries worldwide. An overall prevalence of Aichivirus B varies from 1 to 34.5 %, and the highest prevalence was found in cattle with diarrhea in Korea. Aichivirus C or porcine kobuvirus is widely distributed in pigs. Aichivirus C has been found in both diarrhea and healthy pigs and the positive rate of this virus varies from 3.9 up to 100 %. It was reported that Aichivirus C was found with high prevalence in wild boars in Hungary. The accumulated data of the biological, pathological, as well as epidemiological studies of kobuviruses are still limited. Comprehensive global investigations of the prevalence and diversity are required and will be helpful for providing further insight into pathogenicity, genetic heterogeneity, interspecies transmission, and global distribution of kobuviruses.
杯状病毒是小RNA病毒科的成员。最初，杯状病毒属的成员是根据其宿主物种来命名的。在人类中发现的病毒被称为“爱知病毒”，从牛身上分离出的病毒被称为“牛杯状病毒”，从猪身上分离出的病毒被称为“猪杯状病毒”。目前，已经提出了杯状病毒的分类法，并且病毒种类也已重新命名。“爱知病毒”已更名为“爱知病毒A”，“牛杯状病毒”已更名为“爱知病毒B”，“猪杯状病毒”已改为“爱知病毒C”。在爱知病毒A中，已描述了三个不同的成员，包括爱知病毒1（人类中的爱知病毒）、犬杯状病毒1和鼠杯状病毒1。人类中的爱知病毒1在全球范围内分布，并且在散发性急性胃肠炎病例中以低发病率（0-3%）被发现。据报道，爱知病毒1与多种临床疾病有关，包括腹泻、呕吐、发热、脓性结膜炎和呼吸道症状。来自日本、西班牙、德国和突尼斯的研究表明，在人群中发现了针对爱知病毒1的高抗体流行率。爱知病毒B或以前称为牛杯状病毒于2003年首次报道。从那时起，在世界范围内的几个国家也报道了爱知病毒B。爱知病毒B的总体流行率从1%到34.5%不等，在韩国腹泻牛中发现的流行率最高。爱知病毒C或猪杯状病毒广泛分布于猪中。在腹泻猪和健康猪中均发现了爱知病毒C，该病毒的阳性率从3.9%到100%不等。据报道，在匈牙利的野猪中发现爱知病毒C的流行率很高。杯状病毒的生物学、病理学以及流行病学研究的累积数据仍然有限。需要对全球范围内的流行率和多样性进行全面调查，这将有助于进一步深入了解杯状病毒的致病性、遗传异质性、种间传播和全球分布。
