Jones Marc R, West Daniel J, Crewther Blair T, Cook Christian J, Kilduff Liam P
a Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre , Swansea University , Swansea , UK.
b Scarlets Rugby , Llanelli , UK.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(6):488-96. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1010106. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
This study assessed the positional and temporal movement patterns of professional rugby union players during competition using global positioning system (GPS) units. GPS data were collected from 33 professional rugby players from 13 matches throughout the 2012-2013 season sampling at 10 Hz. Players wore GPS units from which information on distances, velocities, accelerations, exertion index, player load, contacts, sprinting and repeated high-intensity efforts (RHIE) were derived. Data files from players who played over 60 min (n = 112) were separated into five positional groups (tight and loose forwards; half, inside and outside backs) for match analysis. A further comparison of temporal changes in movement patterns was also performed using data files from those who played full games (n = 71). Significant positional differences were found for movement characteristics during performance (P < 0.05). Results demonstrate that inside and outside backs have greatest high-speed running demands; however, RHIE and contact demands are greatest in loose forwards during match play. Temporal analysis of all players displayed significant differences in player load, cruising and striding between halves, with measures of low- and high-intensity movement and acceleration/deceleration significantly declining throughout each half. Our data demonstrate significant positional differences for a number of key movement variables which provide a greater understanding of positional requirements of performance. This in turn may be used to develop progressive position-specific drills that elicit specific adaptations and provide objective measures of preparedness. Knowledge of performance changes may be used when developing drills and should be considered when monitoring and evaluating performance.
本研究使用全球定位系统（GPS）设备评估了职业英式橄榄球联盟球员在比赛中的位置和时间运动模式。在2012 - 2013赛季，从13场比赛的33名职业橄榄球运动员身上收集了GPS数据，采样频率为10赫兹。球员佩戴GPS设备，从中获取距离、速度、加速度、 exertion指数、球员负荷、接触次数、冲刺和重复高强度运动（RHIE）等信息。对上场超过60分钟的球员（n = 112）的数据文件进行分离，分为五个位置组（前排和后排前锋；半场球员、内锋和边锋）用于比赛分析。还使用全场比赛球员（n = 71）的数据文件对运动模式的时间变化进行了进一步比较。发现比赛过程中运动特征存在显著的位置差异（P < 0.05）。结果表明，内锋和边锋有最大的高速奔跑需求；然而，在比赛中后排前锋的RHIE和接触需求最大。对所有球员的时间分析显示，上下半场之间球员负荷、巡航和跨步存在显著差异，低强度和高强度运动以及加速/减速的指标在每个半场都显著下降。我们的数据表明，一些关键运动变量存在显著的位置差异，这有助于更好地理解比赛中各位置的要求。这反过来可用于开发渐进式的特定位置训练，引发特定的适应性变化，并提供客观的准备程度衡量标准。在制定训练计划时可利用对表现变化的了解，在监测和评估表现时也应予以考虑。
