Weafer Jessica, Mitchell Suzanne H, de Wit Harriet
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue MC3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, L470, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Curr Addict Rep. 2014 Dec 1;1(4):289-300. doi: 10.1007/s40429-014-0035-6.
Impulsive behavior is strongly implicated in drug abuse, as both a cause and a consequence of drug use. To understand how impulsive behaviors lead to and result from drug use, translational evidence from both human and non-human animal studies is needed. Here, we review recent (2009 or later) studies that have investigated two major components of impulsive behavior, inhibitory control and impulsive choice, across preclinical and clinical studies. We concentrate on the stop-signal task as the measure of inhibitory control and delay discounting as the measure of impulsive choice. Consistent with previous reports, recent studies show greater impulsive behavior in drug users compared with non-users. Additionally, new evidence supports the prospective role of impulsive behavior in drug abuse, and has begun to identify the neurobiological mechanisms underlying impulsive behavior. We focus on the commonalities and differences in findings between preclinical and clinical studies, and suggest future directions for translational research.
冲动行为与药物滥用密切相关，既是药物使用的原因，也是其结果。为了理解冲动行为如何导致药物使用以及药物使用如何引发冲动行为，需要来自人类和非人类动物研究的转化证据。在此，我们回顾了近期（2009年或之后）的研究，这些研究在临床前和临床研究中调查了冲动行为的两个主要组成部分，即抑制控制和冲动选择。我们将重点放在作为抑制控制测量指标的停止信号任务以及作为冲动选择测量指标的延迟折扣上。与之前的报告一致，近期研究表明，与非使用者相比，药物使用者的冲动行为更为明显。此外，新证据支持了冲动行为在药物滥用中的前瞻性作用，并已开始确定冲动行为背后的神经生物学机制。我们关注临床前和临床研究结果的共性与差异，并提出转化研究的未来方向。
