Valenta Rudolf, Hochwallner Heidrun, Linhart Birgit, Pahr Sandra
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Gastroenterology. 2015 May;148(6):1120-31.e4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.006. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
IgE-associated food allergy affects approximately 3% of the population and has severe effects on the daily life of patients-manifestations occur not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also affect other organ systems. Birth cohort studies have shown that allergic sensitization to food allergens develops early in childhood. Mechanisms of pathogenesis include cross-linking of mast cell- and basophil-bound IgE and immediate release of inflammatory mediators, as well as late-phase and chronic allergic inflammation, resulting from T-cell, basophil, and eosinophil activation. Researchers have begun to characterize the molecular features of food allergens and have developed chip-based assays for multiple allergens. These have provided information about cross-reactivity among different sources of food allergens, identified disease-causing food allergens, and helped us to estimate the severity and types of allergic reactions in patients. Importantly, learning about the structure of disease-causing food allergens has allowed researchers to engineer synthetic and recombinant vaccines.
与IgE相关的食物过敏影响约3%的人口，对患者的日常生活有严重影响——症状不仅出现在胃肠道，还会影响其他器官系统。出生队列研究表明，对食物过敏原的过敏致敏在儿童早期就会发生。发病机制包括肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞结合的IgE交联以及炎症介质的立即释放，以及由T细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞激活导致的迟发性和慢性过敏性炎症。研究人员已开始对食物过敏原的分子特征进行表征，并开发了针对多种过敏原的基于芯片的检测方法。这些方法提供了关于不同食物过敏原来源之间交叉反应性的信息，识别了致病食物过敏原，并帮助我们估计患者过敏反应的严重程度和类型。重要的是，了解致病食物过敏原的结构使研究人员能够设计合成和重组疫苗。
