Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia.
Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia.
Trends Plant Sci. 2015 Apr;20(4):246-55. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.01.009. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
Phytopathogens are a global threat to plant agriculture and biodiversity. The genomics era has lead to an exponential rise in comparative gene and genome studies of both economically significant and insignificant microorganisms. In this review we highlight some recent comparisons and discuss how they identify shared genes or genomic regions associated with host virulence. The two major mechanisms of rapid genome adaptation - horizontal gene transfer and hybridisation - are reviewed and we consider how intra-specific pan-genome sequences encode alternative host specificity. We also discuss the power that access to expansive gene databases provides in aiding the study of phytopathogen emergence. These databases can rapidly enable the identification of an unknown pathogen and its origin, as well as genomic adaptations required for emergence.
植物病原体是全球范围内植物农业和生物多样性的威胁。基因组学时代的到来，导致人们对具有经济重要性和非重要性的微生物进行了大量的比较基因和基因组研究。在这篇综述中，我们强调了一些最近的比较，并讨论了它们如何识别与宿主毒力相关的共有基因或基因组区域。我们回顾了快速基因组适应的两个主要机制——水平基因转移和杂交，并考虑了种内泛基因组序列如何编码替代的宿主特异性。我们还讨论了访问广泛的基因数据库在帮助研究植物病原体出现方面的力量。这些数据库可以快速识别未知病原体及其来源，以及出现所需的基因组适应性。
