Noton Sarah L, Fearns Rachel
Department of Microbiology, Boston University Medical Campus, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
Virology. 2015 May;479-480:545-54. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.014. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
The paramyxovirus family has a genome consisting of a single strand of negative sense RNA. This genome acts as a template for two distinct processes: transcription to generate subgenomic, capped and polyadenylated mRNAs, and genome replication. These viruses only encode one polymerase. Thus, an intriguing question is, how does the viral polymerase initiate and become committed to either transcription or replication? By answering this we can begin to understand how these two processes are regulated. In this review article, we present recent findings from studies on the paramyxovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, which show how its polymerase is able to initiate transcription and replication from a single promoter. We discuss how these findings apply to other paramyxoviruses. Then, we examine how trans-acting proteins and promoter secondary structure might serve to regulate transcription and replication during different phases of the paramyxovirus replication cycle.
副粘病毒科的基因组由单链负义RNA组成。该基因组作为两个不同过程的模板：转录以产生亚基因组、加帽和多聚腺苷酸化的mRNA，以及基因组复制。这些病毒仅编码一种聚合酶。因此，一个有趣的问题是，病毒聚合酶如何启动并致力于转录或复制？通过回答这个问题，我们可以开始了解这两个过程是如何被调控的。在这篇综述文章中，我们展示了对副粘病毒——呼吸道合胞病毒研究的最新发现，这些发现表明其聚合酶如何能够从单个启动子启动转录和复制。我们讨论了这些发现如何应用于其他副粘病毒。然后，我们研究反式作用蛋白和启动子二级结构如何在副粘病毒复制周期的不同阶段调控转录和复制。
