Murillo José Ignacio
ICS, Mind-brain: Biology and Subjectivity in Contemporary Philosophy and Neuroscience. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Filosofía. Universidad de Navarra. Edificio Bibliotecas Campus Universitario. Despacho 2320. 31009 Pamplona.
Cuad Bioet. 2014 Sep-Dec;25(85):469-79.
In the current era, post-humanism usually adopts two forms. One of these is related to postmodern thought and its critique of Enlightenment ideals, while the other, which is usually referred to as transhumanism, declares itself the heir to optimistic belief in the technological progress of modernity. Nevertheless, both seem like new versions of the struggle between an individualist version of liberalism and its critics. In so far as they are ethical proposals, we may hold them to account for the vagueness of their moral objectives, which only seem to advocate - each in its own way - emancipation and the removal of barriers that may impede an increase in power. This defect is not, though, independent of their rejection of the notion of nature. By contrast, classical ethics does not focus so much on power or emancipation as on the nature of human telos and of his true growth, and it is only from this standpoint that it concerns itself with the means by which this can be achieved.
在当今时代，后人文主义通常采取两种形式。其中一种与后现代思想及其对启蒙运动理想的批判有关，而另一种通常被称为超人文主义，宣称自己是对现代性技术进步的乐观信念的继承者。然而，两者似乎都是个人主义版本的自由主义与其批评者之间斗争的新版本。就它们是伦理提议而言，我们可以要求它们对其道德目标的模糊性负责，这些目标似乎只是以各自的方式倡导解放以及消除可能阻碍权力增长的障碍。不过，这一缺陷并非独立于它们对自然概念的摒弃。相比之下，古典伦理学并不像关注权力或解放那样过多地关注人类目的的本质及其真正的成长，并且只有从这个角度出发，它才会关注实现这一目标的手段。
