Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical Academy, Avenue of Revolution Str. 14, Voronezh, Russia.
EPMA J. 2015 Jan 29;6(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s13167-014-0025-8. eCollection 2015.
Currently, dental caries is the main reason of patient visits to dentists. A great deal of scientific work is dedicated to the study of enamel caries. The reason for this is the necessity for more detailed study of the pathogenesis of dental caries and other pathological processes occurring in tooth enamel. The application of modern high-technological methods of research has made it possible to study enamel structure in detail. Hard dental tissues are composed of organic and inorganic components and water. The organic substance consists of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. At different ages, caries intensity may vary. The carious process often develops during the first months after the tooth eruption but much less in adulthood and old age. These processes are mainly associated with the mechanisms of ionic exchange between the oral cavity and hard dental tissues. Different groups of teeth are differently affected by the carious process. Previous studies have revealed that age is an important factor influencing on the structure and chemical composition of hard dental tissues. Various recent works at the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of Voronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical Academy (VSMA) have studied not only the structural-morphological features of the enamel in children and adults but also the level of metabolic processes inside it. As a result of aging, teeth change both the enamel structure and the level of its ionic processes, but unfortunately, these changes have not been well characterized in teeth with conventional age-specific differences.
目前，龋齿是患者看牙医的主要原因。大量的科学工作致力于研究牙釉质龋。之所以这样做，是因为有必要更详细地研究龋齿的发病机制以及牙釉质中发生的其他病理过程。现代高科技研究方法的应用使得详细研究牙釉质结构成为可能。硬组织由有机和无机成分和水组成。有机物质由蛋白质、脂质和碳水化合物组成。在不同的年龄，龋齿的严重程度可能不同。龋齿的发生过程通常在牙齿萌出后的头几个月发展，但在成年期和老年期则较少发生。这些过程主要与口腔和硬组织之间的离子交换机制有关。不同类型的牙齿受到龋齿过程的影响程度不同。以前的研究表明，年龄是影响硬组织结构和化学成分的重要因素。沃罗涅日国立医科大学治疗牙科系的各种近期工作不仅研究了儿童和成人牙釉质的结构形态特征，还研究了其内部代谢过程的水平。随着年龄的增长，牙齿的牙釉质结构和离子过程水平都会发生变化，但不幸的是，这些变化在具有常规年龄特异性差异的牙齿中并没有得到很好的描述。
