Lelisa Kumela, Shimeles Shihun, Bekele Jemere, Sheferaw Desie
College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2014 Nov 12;81(1):715. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v81i1.715.
A cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the species diversity of fly vectors and estimating the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was carried out from October 2009 to May 2010 in selected settlement areas of the Hawa-Gelan district in the western Wollega zone of Ethiopia. Standard methods of sampling and identification were employed for both entomological and parasitological examination. Three species of the genus Glossina (Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina fuscipes) and two genera of biting flies (Stomoxys and Tabanus) were caught and identified. The overall apparent density of Glossina species caught was 10.5 flies per trap per day, with a higher proportion of female flies (57.2%). Out of a total 389 cattle examined, 42 (10.8%; 95% CI: 7.89% - 14.3%) were found infected with trypanosomes. Three trypanosome species were detected in the study area, namely Trypanosoma congolense (54.8%), Trypanosoma brucei (23.8%) and Trypanosoma vivax (21.4%). The prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cattle with poor body condition. There was an association between mean packed cell volume (PCV) and the occurrence of parasitaemia (χ2 = 49.5, p < 0.05). About 95.2% of cattle that were positive for trypanosomes had a PCV less than the lower limit for cattle. Considering the current result, bovine trypanosomosis seems to be a serious constraint for agricultural activities in the settlement areas of the Hawa-Gelan district and seems to be associated with the presence of Glossina species. Therefore, application of control methods through community involvement to reduce the Glossina species infestation level is likely to increase animal productivity.
2009年10月至2010年5月，在埃塞俄比亚沃莱加西区哈瓦-格兰区的选定定居点开展了一项横断面研究，旨在调查蝇类传播媒介的物种多样性并估计牛锥虫病的流行率。昆虫学和寄生虫学检查均采用标准的采样和鉴定方法。捕获并鉴定出了舌蝇属的三个物种（淡足舌蝇、蛰刺舌蝇和fuscipes舌蝇）以及两个属的吸血蝇（厩螫蝇属和虻属）。捕获的舌蝇物种的总体表观密度为每诱捕器每天10.5只蝇，其中雌蝇比例较高（57.2%）。在总共检查的389头牛中，有42头（10.8%；95%置信区间：7.89% - 14.3%）被发现感染了锥虫。在研究区域检测到三种锥虫物种，即刚果锥虫（54.8%）、布氏锥虫（23.8%）和活泼锥虫（21.4%）。发现身体状况较差的牛的锥虫病流行率显著更高（p < 0.05）。平均红细胞压积（PCV）与寄生虫血症的发生之间存在关联（χ2 = 49.5，p < 0.05）。约95.2%的锥虫检测呈阳性的牛的红细胞压积低于牛的下限。考虑到当前结果，牛锥虫病似乎是哈瓦-格兰区定居点农业活动的一个严重制约因素，并且似乎与舌蝇物种的存在有关。因此，通过社区参与应用控制方法来降低舌蝇物种的侵扰水平可能会提高动物生产力。
