Alingu Richard A, Muhanguzi Dennis, MacLeod Ewan, Waiswa Charles, Fyfe Jenna
College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2014 Oct 28;85(1):1094. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v85i1.1094.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbarara district, south-western Uganda in May 2012 to determine the burden of African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) in the semi-intensive dairy production systems where pyrethroid acaricides are frequently used in the control of tick-borne diseases (TBDs). A total of 295 cattle blood samples were taken and analysed using a single pair of primers previously designed to amplify internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of trypanosome ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA). A structured questionnaire was administered to 55 participating livestock farmers to generate data on acaricide and trypanocidal drug usage. The overall prevalence of trypanosome species was 2.4% (95% CI; 1.0% - 4.8%); Trypanosoma vivax was the most predominant species (2.0%; 95% CI; 0.7% - 4.4%). A single mixed infection of T. vivax and Trypanosoma brucei s.l. was detected. All the participating farmers used acaricides for tsetse and TBD control; 89.1% of the acaricides used were pyrethroids. About half of the farmers used trypanocidal drugs, mainly diminazene formulations (Berenil®). Low prevalence of trypanosomes in examined samples is most likely related to the frequent use of pyrethroid insecticides, trypanocides and restricted grazing (paddocking and tethering). These rigorous management practices are geared towards optimising production of exotic dairy breeds kept in this region that are highly susceptible to TBDs and AAT.
2012年5月，在乌干达西南部的姆巴拉拉区开展了一项横断面研究，以确定在半集约化奶牛生产系统中非洲动物锥虫病（AAT）的负担情况，该系统中经常使用拟除虫菊酯杀螨剂来控制蜱传疾病（TBDs）。共采集了295份牛血样，并使用之前设计的一对引物进行分析，该引物用于扩增锥虫核糖体脱氧核糖核酸（rDNA）的内部转录间隔区（ITS1）。对55名参与的家畜养殖户进行了结构化问卷调查，以收集有关杀螨剂和杀锥虫药物使用情况的数据。锥虫物种的总体患病率为2.4%（95%置信区间；1.0% - 4.8%）；间日锥虫是最主要的物种（2.0%；95%置信区间；0.7% - 4.4%）。检测到1例间日锥虫和布氏锥虫复合感染。所有参与的养殖户都使用杀螨剂来控制采采蝇和蜱传疾病；所使用的杀螨剂中89.1%为拟除虫菊酯类。约一半的养殖户使用杀锥虫药物，主要是二脒那嗪制剂（贝尼尔®）。所检测样本中锥虫患病率较低很可能与频繁使用拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、杀锥虫药物以及限制放牧（圈养和拴养）有关。这些严格的管理措施旨在优化该地区饲养的对蜱传疾病和非洲动物锥虫病高度易感的外来奶牛品种的生产。
