Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aoba, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan.
Future Microbiol. 2015;10(2):205-16. doi: 10.2217/fmb.14.120.
Mycobacteria infections are an important medical problem, and many are regarded as emerging and re-emerging diseases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 8.6 million cases and 1.3 million deaths in 2012. In addition, the incidence of nontuberculous Mycobacterium infection has significantly increased, especially among developed countries. Although phenotypical appearances such as culture characteristics and/or susceptibility to anti-Mycobacterium drugs are variable between different mycobacterial species, early diagnosis is crucial in terms of patient treatment and clinical outcome. In this manuscript, we describe the development of diagnostic techniques, from the classical/conventional to the most recent advances, and provide an overview of the future direction of discrimination procedures.
分枝杆菌感染是一个重要的医学问题，其中许多被认为是新出现和再现的疾病。结核分枝杆菌是结核病的病原体，仍然是全世界人类发病和死亡的主要原因，2012 年约有 860 万例病例和 130 万人死亡。此外，非结核分枝杆菌感染的发病率显著增加，尤其是在发达国家。尽管不同分枝杆菌物种之间的表型外观（如培养特征和/或对抗分枝杆菌药物的敏感性）有所不同，但早期诊断对于患者治疗和临床结果至关重要。在本文中，我们描述了从经典/常规到最新进展的诊断技术的发展，并概述了鉴别程序的未来方向。
