Wandtke Tomasz, Woźniak Joanna, Kopiński Piotr
Department of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 9 St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Viruses. 2015 Feb 16;7(2):751-80. doi: 10.3390/v7020751.
Aptamers are in vitro selected DNA or RNA molecules that are capable of binding a wide range of nucleic and non-nucleic acid molecules with high affinity and specificity. They have been conducted through the process known as SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment). It serves to reach specificity and considerable affinity to target molecules, including those of viral origin, both proteins and nucleic acids. Properties of aptamers allow detecting virus infected cells or viruses themselves and make them competitive to monoclonal antibodies. Specific aptamers can be used to interfere in each stage of the viral replication cycle and also inhibit its penetration into cells. Many current studies have reported possible application of aptamers as a treatment or diagnostic tool in viral infections, e.g., HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), HCV (Hepatitis C Virus), SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), H5N1 avian influenza and recently spread Ebola. This review presents current developments of using aptamers in the diagnostics and treatment of viral diseases.
适配体是体外筛选出的DNA或RNA分子，能够以高亲和力和特异性结合多种核酸和非核酸分子。它们是通过称为SELEX（指数富集配体系统进化）的过程筛选出来的。该过程有助于实现对靶分子（包括病毒来源的蛋白质和核酸靶分子）的特异性和相当高的亲和力。适配体的特性使其能够检测病毒感染的细胞或病毒本身，从而使其成为单克隆抗体的有力竞争对手。特异性适配体可用于干扰病毒复制周期的各个阶段，还能抑制病毒侵入细胞。目前许多研究报道了适配体作为病毒感染治疗或诊断工具的潜在应用，例如用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）、H5N1禽流感以及最近传播的埃博拉病毒。本文综述了适配体在病毒性疾病诊断和治疗方面的最新进展。
