Cianelli Rosina, Villlegas Natalia, De Oliveira Giovanna, Hires Kimberly, Gattamorta Karina, Ferrer Lilian, Peragallo Nilda
School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2015 Sep;24(17-18):2392-401. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12792. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
To investigate if socio-demographic factors, religiosity, HIV-related knowledge, Marianismo, history of having been tested for HIV, knowing someone who died of AIDS and HIV risk perception were predictive factors to HIV enacted stigma predictors among Chilean women.
HIV infection is the number one cause of death among women during their reproductive years. In Chile, studies with people living with HIV demonstrate the existence of HIV-related stigma. However, limited evidence is available about the underlying causes of HIV enacted stigma that results in stigmatisation and discrimination.
The current cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis of data collected to assess the impact of an HIV prevention intervention (Mano a Mano-Mujer) designed for Chilean women. A quasi-experimental design was used in the original study.
This study was conducted in two communities in Santiago, Chile. The sample for this study consisted of 496 Chileans between ages 18-49. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for the analysis.
Participants in the study reported high levels (77·8%) of HIV enacted stigma. Higher levels of HIV-related knowledge were associated with lower levels of HIV enacted stigma. Women with higher education had lower levels of HIV enacted stigma than women with elementary education. In addition, greater levels of marianismo (cultural belief that women should be passive, faithful, and devoted to family) were associated with higher HIV enacted stigma scores.
The findings reflected the presence of HIV enacted stigma among Chilean women. Identifying the significant predictors of HIV enacted stigma can help the nursing community to design HIV prevention interventions that include the reduction in HIV enacted stigma. HIV evidence-based prevention interventions should incorporate contents related to stigma to contribute to prevent HIV enacted stigma at individual and community levels in accordance with the bioecological model.
The results of this study could serve to develop HIV prevention interventions that target the reduction in HIV enacted stigma.
调查社会人口统计学因素、宗教信仰、与艾滋病病毒相关的知识、圣母主义、艾滋病病毒检测史、认识死于艾滋病的人以及艾滋病病毒风险认知是否为智利女性中艾滋病病毒引发耻辱感的预测因素。
艾滋病病毒感染是女性生育年龄段的首要死因。在智利，对艾滋病病毒感染者的研究表明存在与艾滋病病毒相关的耻辱感。然而，关于导致耻辱和歧视的艾滋病病毒引发耻辱感的潜在原因的证据有限。
当前的横断面研究是对为评估一项针对智利女性的艾滋病病毒预防干预措施（手拉手 - 女性）的影响而收集的数据进行的二次分析。原始研究采用了准实验设计。
本研究在智利圣地亚哥的两个社区进行。本研究的样本包括496名年龄在18至49岁之间的智利人。采用描述性统计和多元回归进行分析。
研究参与者报告了高水平（77.8%）的艾滋病病毒引发的耻辱感。较高水平的与艾滋病病毒相关的知识与较低水平的艾滋病病毒引发的耻辱感相关。受过高等教育的女性比受过小学教育的女性艾滋病病毒引发的耻辱感水平更低。此外，更高水平的圣母主义（一种文化信念，即女性应该被动、忠诚并献身于家庭）与更高的艾滋病病毒引发的耻辱感得分相关。
研究结果反映出智利女性中存在艾滋病病毒引发的耻辱感。确定艾滋病病毒引发耻辱感的重要预测因素有助于护理界设计包括减少艾滋病病毒引发耻辱感的艾滋病病毒预防干预措施。基于证据的艾滋病病毒预防干预措施应纳入与耻辱感相关的内容，以根据生物生态模型在个人和社区层面预防艾滋病病毒引发的耻辱感。
本研究结果可用于制定旨在减少艾滋病病毒引发耻辱感的艾滋病病毒预防干预措施。
