Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2015 Oct;34:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.021. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
Organisms continuously evolve to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Chief among these are daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Relatively small in terms of real physical values, temperature fluctuations of just a few degrees can profoundly affect organismal functions. In vertebrates, temperature is detected by primary afferents of somatosensory neurons, which express thermo-gated ion channels. Most of our knowledge about temperature receptors comes from seminal studies in mice and rats. Recent work uncovered thermosensory mechanisms in other vertebrates, shedding light onto the diversity of thermosensory adaptations. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms of thermosensation in different species and discuss the need to use the standard laboratory rodents and non-standard species side-by-side in order to understand fundamental principles of somatosensation.
生物不断进化以适应环境条件的变化。其中最重要的是日常和季节性的温度波动。从实际物理值来看，温度波动只有几度，但却可以深刻影响生物体的功能。在脊椎动物中，温度由感觉神经元的初级传入纤维检测，这些神经元表达温度门控离子通道。我们对温度感受器的大部分了解来自于对小鼠和大鼠的开创性研究。最近的研究揭示了其他脊椎动物的热敏机制，揭示了热敏适应的多样性。在这里，我们总结了不同物种的热敏机制，并讨论了需要同时使用标准实验室啮齿动物和非标准物种来理解感觉的基本原理。
