Gur Tamar L, Worly Brett L, Bailey Michael T
Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA ; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA.
Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH , USA.
Front Psychiatry. 2015 Feb 2;6:5. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00005. eCollection 2015.
The body is colonized by an enormous array of microbes that are collectively called the microbiota. During quiescent periods, microbial communities within the gut are relatively resistant to change. However, several factors that disrupt homeostasis can also significantly change gut microbial community structure. One factor that has been shown to change the composition of the gut microbiota is exposure to psychological stressors. Studies demonstrate that the commensal microbiota are involved in stressor-induced immunomodulation, but other biological effects are not yet known. This review discusses emerging evidence that the microbiota can impact the brain and behavior and indicates that stressor-induced alterations in the composition of gut microbial communities contribute to stressor-induced behavioral changes. This review will also discuss the evidence that such effects are most evident early in life, where both stress and the microbiota have been linked to birth outcomes, such as prematurity, and neurodevelopment. When considered together, a paradigm emerges in which stressor-induced alterations in commensal microbial populations significantly impact parturition and infant neurodevelopment.
人体被大量微生物群落定殖，这些微生物群落统称为微生物群。在静止期，肠道内的微生物群落相对不易发生变化。然而，一些破坏体内平衡的因素也会显著改变肠道微生物群落结构。已被证明会改变肠道微生物群组成的一个因素是暴露于心理应激源。研究表明，共生微生物群参与应激源诱导的免疫调节，但其他生物学效应尚不清楚。本综述讨论了微生物群可影响大脑和行为的新证据，并指出应激源诱导的肠道微生物群落组成变化会导致应激源诱导的行为改变。本综述还将讨论这样的效应在生命早期最为明显的证据，在生命早期，应激和微生物群都与早产等出生结局以及神经发育有关。综合考虑，一个范式出现了，即应激源诱导的共生微生物种群变化会显著影响分娩和婴儿神经发育。
