Lai Kang Yiu, Ng Wing Yiu George, Cheng Fan Fanny
Department of Intensive Care, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, HKSAR, B6, 30 Gascoigne Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, HKSAR, Kowloon Hong Kong, SARChina.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2014 Nov 28;3:43. doi: 10.1186/2049-9957-3-43. eCollection 2014.
The recent outbreak of the human Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) epidemic is spiraling out of control in West Africa. Human EBOV hemorrhagic fever has a case fatality rate of up to 90%. The EBOV is classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen and is considered a category A agent of bioterrorism by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with no approved therapies and vaccines available for its treatment apart from supportive care. Although several promising therapeutic agents and vaccines against EBOV are undergoing the Phase I human trial, the current epidemic might be outpacing the speed at which drugs and vaccines can be produced. Like all viruses, the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry, replication, and egress. We have reviewed currently available therapeutic agents that have been shown to be effective in suppressing the proliferation of the EBOV in cell cultures or animal studies. Most of the therapeutic agents in this review are directed against non-mutable targets of the host, which is independent of viral mutation. These medications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of other diseases. They are available and stockpileable for immediate use. They may also have a complementary role to those therapeutic agents under development that are directed against the mutable targets of the EBOV.
最近爆发的人类扎伊尔埃博拉病毒（EBOV）疫情在西非已失控蔓延。人类埃博拉病毒出血热的病死率高达90%。埃博拉病毒被列为生物安全4级病原体，美国疾病控制与预防中心将其视为生物恐怖主义A类制剂，除支持性治疗外，尚无获批的治疗方法和疫苗。尽管几种有前景的抗埃博拉病毒治疗药物和疫苗正在进行I期人体试验，但当前的疫情发展速度可能超过了药物和疫苗的生产速度。与所有病毒一样，埃博拉病毒在进入、复制和释放过程中很大程度上依赖宿主细胞因子和生理过程。我们综述了目前已证实能在细胞培养或动物研究中有效抑制埃博拉病毒增殖的治疗药物。本综述中的大多数治疗药物针对的是宿主的非可变靶点，这与病毒突变无关。这些药物已获美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗其他疾病。它们可以获取并储存以备立即使用。对于针对埃博拉病毒可变靶点的正在研发的治疗药物，它们可能也具有补充作用。
