INSPIRE Faculty, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India.
Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2015 Feb 2;3:2. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00002. eCollection 2015.
Recent progresses in the field of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) have opened up many gateways for the research in therapeutics. iPSCs are the cells which are reprogrammed from somatic cells using different transcription factors. iPSCs possess unique properties of self renewal and differentiation to many types of cell lineage. Hence could replace the use of embryonic stem cells (ESC), and may overcome the various ethical issues regarding the use of embryos in research and clinics. Overwhelming responses prompted worldwide by a large number of researchers about the use of iPSCs evoked a large number of peple to establish more authentic methods for iPSC generation. This would require understanding the underlying mechanism in a detailed manner. There have been a large number of reports showing potential role of different molecules as putative regulators of iPSC generating methods. The molecular mechanisms that play role in reprogramming to generate iPSCs from different types of somatic cell sources involves a plethora of molecules including miRNAs, DNA modifying agents (viz. DNA methyl transferases), NANOG, etc. While promising a number of important roles in various clinical/research studies, iPSCs could also be of great use in studying molecular mechanism of many diseases. There are various diseases that have been modeled by uing iPSCs for better understanding of their etiology which maybe further utilized for developing putative treatments for these diseases. In addition, iPSCs are used for the production of patient-specific cells which can be transplanted to the site of injury or the site of tissue degeneration due to various disease conditions. The use of iPSCs may eliminate the chances of immune rejection as patient specific cells may be used for transplantation in various engraftment processes. Moreover, iPSC technology has been employed in various diseases for disease modeling and gene therapy. The technique offers benefits over other similar techniques such as animal models. Many toxic compounds (different chemical compounds, pharmaceutical drugs, other hazardous chemicals, or environmental conditions) which are encountered by humans and newly designed drugs may be evaluated for toxicity and effects by using iPSCs. Thus, the applications of iPSCs in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery are enormous and should be explored in a more comprehensive manner.
诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）领域的最新进展为治疗研究开辟了许多途径。iPSC 是通过不同的转录因子从体细胞重新编程得到的细胞。iPSC 具有自我更新和分化为多种细胞谱系的独特特性。因此，它可以替代胚胎干细胞（ESC）的使用，并可能克服胚胎在研究和临床应用中涉及的各种伦理问题。大量研究人员对 iPSC 的使用反应强烈，这促使全世界许多人建立了更真实的 iPSC 生成方法。这需要详细了解其潜在机制。大量报告表明，不同分子作为 iPSC 生成方法的潜在调节剂具有潜在作用。从不同类型的体细胞来源重编程生成 iPSC 的分子机制涉及大量分子，包括 miRNA、DNA 修饰剂（如 DNA 甲基转移酶）、NANOG 等。虽然在各种临床/研究中发挥了许多重要作用，但 iPSC 也可用于研究许多疾病的分子机制。有许多疾病已经通过使用 iPSC 进行建模，以便更好地了解其病因，这可能进一步用于开发这些疾病的潜在治疗方法。此外，iPSC 可用于产生患者特异性细胞，这些细胞可移植到因各种疾病状况而受伤或组织退化的部位。使用 iPSC 可消除免疫排斥的机会，因为可以将患者特异性细胞用于各种移植过程中。此外，iPSC 技术已用于各种疾病的疾病建模和基因治疗。该技术与动物模型等其他类似技术相比具有优势。许多人类接触到的有毒化合物（不同的化学化合物、药物、其他危险化学品或环境条件）和新设计的药物都可以通过 iPSC 来评估其毒性和效果。因此，iPSC 在再生医学、疾病建模和药物发现中的应用是巨大的，应该更全面地探索。
