de Vries Liesbeth, van Hartingsveldt Margo J, Cup Edith H C, Nijhuis-van der Sanden Maria W G, de Groot Imelda J M
Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, CD 35, Dilgtweg 5, 9751 NJ, Haren, The Netherlands.
Occup Ther Int. 2015 Jun;22(2):61-70. doi: 10.1002/oti.1385. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
When children are not ready to write, assessment of fine motor coordination may be indicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate which fine motor test, the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) or the newly developed Timed Test of In-Hand Manipulation (Timed-TIHM), correlates best with handwriting readiness as measured by the Writing Readiness Inventory Tool In Context-Task Performance (WRITIC-TP). From the 119 participating children, 43 were poor performers. Convergent validity of the 9-HPT and Timed-TIHM with WRITIC-TP was determined, and test-retest reliability of the Timed-TIHM was examined in 59 children. The results showed that correlations of the 9-HPT and Timed-TIHM with the WRITIC-TP were similar (rs = -0.40). The 9-HPT and the complex rotation subtask of the Timed-TIHM had a low correlation with the WRITIC-TP in poor performers (rs = -0.30 and -0.32 respectively). Test-retest reliability of the Timed-TIHM was significant (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.71). Neither of these two fine motor tests is appeared superior. They both relate to different aspects of fine motor performance. One of the limitations of the methodology was unequal numbers of children in subgroups. It is recommended that further research is indicated to evaluate the relation between development of fine motor coordination and handwriting proficiency, on the Timed-TIHM in different age groups.
当儿童尚未准备好书写时，可能需要对精细运动协调能力进行评估。本研究的目的是评估哪种精细运动测试，即九孔插板测试（9-HPT）或新开发的手内操作定时测试（Timed-TIHM），与通过情境任务表现书写准备量表（WRITIC-TP）测量的书写准备程度相关性最佳。在119名参与研究的儿童中，有43名表现较差。确定了9-HPT和Timed-TIHM与WRITIC-TP的收敛效度，并在59名儿童中检验了Timed-TIHM的重测信度。结果显示，9-HPT和Timed-TIHM与WRITIC-TP的相关性相似（rs = -0.40）。在表现较差的儿童中，9-HPT和Timed-TIHM的复杂旋转子任务与WRITIC-TP的相关性较低（分别为rs = -0.30和-0.32）。Timed-TIHM的重测信度显著（组内相关系数 = 0.71）。这两种精细运动测试均未表现出优越性。它们都与精细运动表现的不同方面相关。该方法的局限性之一是亚组中的儿童数量不相等。建议进一步开展研究，以评估不同年龄组中精细运动协调发展与书写熟练度之间的关系，特别是针对Timed-TIHM进行研究。
