Nuttall I, Miyagishima K, Roth C, de La Rocque S
Rev Sci Tech. 2014 Aug;33(2):659-68. doi: 10.20506/rst.33.2.2303.
The One Health approach encompasses multiple themes and can be understood from many different perspectives. This paper expresses the viewpoint of those in charge of responding to public health events of international concern and, in particular, to outbreaks of zoonotic disease. Several international organisations are involved in responding to such outbreaks, including the United Nations (UN) and its technical agencies; principally, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO); UN funds and programmes, such as the United Nations Development Programme, the World Food Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations Children's Fund; the UN-linked multilateral banking system (the World Bank and regional development banks); and partner organisations, such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). All of these organisations have benefited from the experiences gained during zoonotic disease outbreaks over the last decade, developing common approaches and mechanisms to foster good governance, promote policies that cut across different sectors, target investment more effectively and strengthen global and national capacities for dealing with emerging crises. Coordination among the various UN agencies and creating partnerships with related organisations have helped to improve disease surveillance in all countries, enabling more efficient detection of disease outbreaks and a faster response, greater transparency and stakeholder engagement and improved public health. The need to build more robust national public human and animal health systems, which are based on good governance and comply with the International Health Regulations (2005) and the international standards set by the OIE, prompted FAO, WHO and the OIE to join forces with the World Bank, to provide practical tools to help countries manage their zoonotic disease risks and develop adequate resources to prevent and control disease outbreaks, particularly at the animal source. All these efforts contribute to the One Health agenda.
“同一健康”方法涵盖多个主题，可从许多不同角度来理解。本文表达了负责应对国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，尤其是人畜共患病疫情的相关人员的观点。有几个国际组织参与应对此类疫情，包括联合国及其技术机构，主要是联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）和世界卫生组织（世卫组织）；联合国各基金和计划署，如联合国开发计划署、世界粮食计划署、联合国环境规划署、联合国儿童基金会；与联合国相关的多边银行系统（世界银行和区域开发银行）；以及伙伴组织，如世界动物卫生组织（OIE）。所有这些组织都从过去十年人畜共患病疫情期间积累的经验中受益，制定了共同方法和机制，以促进善治，推动跨部门政策，更有效地瞄准投资，并加强全球和国家应对新出现危机的能力。联合国各机构之间的协调以及与相关组织建立伙伴关系，有助于改善所有国家的疾病监测，实现更高效的疫情检测和更快的应对，提高透明度和利益攸关方参与度，并改善公共卫生。基于善治并符合《国际卫生条例（2005）》以及世界动物卫生组织制定国际标准，建立更强大的国家公共卫生和动物卫生系统的必要性，促使粮农组织、世卫组织和世界动物卫生组织与世界银行携手合作，提供实用工具，帮助各国管理其人畜共患病风险，并开发足够资源来预防和控制疾病疫情，特别是动物源性疫情。所有这些努力都有助于推进“同一健康”议程。
