Degeling Chris, Lederman Zohar, Rock Melanie
Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, School of Public Health and Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, University of Sydney.
Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Loo Long Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
Public Health Ethics. 2016 Nov;9(3):244-254. doi: 10.1093/phe/phw019. Epub 2016 May 3.
One Health (OH) is a novel paradigm that recognizes that human and non-human animal health is interlinked through our shared environment. Increasingly prominent in public health responses to zoonoses, OH differs from traditional approaches to animal-borne infectious risks, because it also aims to promote the health of animals and ecological systems. Despite the widespread adoption of OH, culling remains a key component of institutional responses to the risks of zoonoses. Using the threats posed by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses to human and animal health, economic activity and food security as a case exemplar, we explore whether culling and other standard control measures for animal-borne infectious disease might be justified as part of OH approaches. Our central premise is that OH requires us to reformulate 'health' as universal good that is best shared across species boundaries such that human health and well-being are contingent upon identifying and meeting the relevant sets of human and non-human interests and shared dependencies. Our purpose is to further nascent discussions about the ethical dimensions of OH and begin to describe the principles around which a public health agenda that truly seeks to co-promote human and non-human health could potentially begin to be implemented.
“同一健康”（OH）是一种全新的范式，它认识到人类和非人类动物的健康通过我们共享的环境相互关联。在公共卫生应对人畜共患病方面，“同一健康”日益凸显，它不同于传统应对动物源性感染风险的方法，因为它还旨在促进动物和生态系统的健康。尽管“同一健康”已被广泛采用，但扑杀仍然是机构应对人畜共患病风险的关键组成部分。以高致病性禽流感病毒对人类和动物健康、经济活动及粮食安全构成的威胁为例，我们探讨将扑杀及其他动物源性传染病的标准控制措施作为“同一健康”方法的一部分是否合理。我们的核心前提是，“同一健康”要求我们将“健康”重新定义为一种普遍的福祉，最好能跨越物种界限共享，这样人类的健康和幸福取决于识别并满足人类和非人类的相关利益及共同依存关系。我们的目的是进一步推动关于“同一健康”伦理层面的初步讨论，并开始描述围绕真正旨在共同促进人类和非人类健康的公共卫生议程可能得以实施的原则。
