Foerster Rebecca M, Schneider Werner X
Neuro-cognitive Psychology and Cluster of Excellence "Cognitive Interaction Technology," Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Mar;1339:45-59. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12729. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
Long-term memory (LTM) delivers important control signals for attentional selection. LTM expectations have an important role in guiding the task-driven sequence of covert attention and gaze shifts, especially in well-practiced multistep sensorimotor actions. What happens when LTM expectations are disconfirmed? Does a sensory-based visual-search mode of attentional selection replace the LTM-based mode? What happens when prior LTM expectations become valid again? We investigated these questions in a computerized version of the number-connection test. Participants clicked on spatially distributed numbered shapes in ascending order while gaze was recorded. Sixty trials were performed with a constant spatial arrangement. In 20 consecutive trials, either numbers, shapes, both, or no features switched position. In 20 reversion trials, participants worked on the original arrangement. Only the sequence-affecting number switches elicited slower clicking, visual search-like scanning, and lower eye-hand synchrony. The effects were neither limited to the exchanged numbers nor to the corresponding actions. Thus, expectation violations in a well-learned sensorimotor sequence cause a regression from LTM-based attentional selection to visual search beyond deviant-related actions and locations. Effects lasted for several trials and reappeared during reversion.
长期记忆（LTM）为注意力选择提供重要的控制信号。长期记忆预期在引导隐蔽注意力和目光转移的任务驱动序列中起着重要作用，尤其是在熟练的多步骤感觉运动动作中。当长期记忆预期被证伪时会发生什么？基于感觉的视觉搜索注意力选择模式会取代基于长期记忆的模式吗？当先前的长期记忆预期再次有效时会发生什么？我们在数字连接测试的计算机版本中研究了这些问题。参与者按升序点击空间分布的编号形状，同时记录目光。以恒定的空间排列进行60次试验。在连续20次试验中，数字、形状、两者或无特征切换位置。在20次恢复试验中，参与者处理原始排列。只有影响序列的数字切换会导致点击变慢、类似视觉搜索的扫描以及较低的眼手同步性。这些影响既不限于交换的数字，也不限于相应的动作。因此，在熟练的感觉运动序列中，预期违反会导致从基于长期记忆的注意力选择回归到超出异常相关动作和位置的视觉搜索。影响持续了几次试验，并在恢复过程中再次出现。
