Tizkar Babak, Seidavi Alireza, Ponce-Palafox Jesús Trinidad, Pourashoori Parastoo
Rev Biol Trop. 2014 Dec;62(4):1331-41. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v62i4.13057.
In recent years, the use of new scientific techniques has effectively improved aquaculture production processes. Astaxanthin has various properties in aquaculture and its antioxidant benefits have been closely related to stress resistance; besides, it is an essential factor for growth in many crustaceans and fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) fed diets containing different amounts of astaxanthin (AX) to the shock and stress of different physicochemical environments. A 70-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of a source of astaxanthin (Carophyll Pink, 10% astaxanthin, w/w, Hoffman-La Roche, Switzerland) at various levels in the diet of M. nipponense juveniles. Four dry diets were prepared: AX0 without astaxanthin, AX50 with 50 mg/kg, AX100 with 100 mg/kg, and AX150 with 150 mg/kg astaxanthin. The feeding trial was conducted in a recirculation water system consisting of 12 fiberglass tanks (1000L) used for holding prawns. Three replicate aquaria were initially stocked with 36 org/m2 per tank. During the trial, prawns were maintained on a 12:12-h light:dark photoperiod with an ordinary incandescent lamp, and the water quality parameters were maintained as follows: water temperature, 25-26°C; salinity, 1 g/L; pH, 8.5-8.8; dissolved oxygen, 6.0-6.5 mg/L; and ammonia-nitrogen, 0.05 mg/L. Incorporation of AX, production output, and physiological condition were recorded after 10 weeks of feeding. At the end of the growing period, the prawns were exposed to thermal shock (0°C), ammonia (0.75 mg/L), and reduced oxygen (0.5 mg/L). The time to lethargy and the time to complete death of the prawns were recorded. The results showed that control prawns had the shortest time to lethargy and death compared with prawns subjected to the other treatments. The results of this study have shown that the amount of muscle tissue and gill carotenoids in prawn fed with an AX150 diet showed greater reduction than those exposed to other treatments. It is possible that higher levels of astaxanthin in the body under oxygen reduction stress can be beneficial for prawns. These results suggest that male prawns showed lethargy earlier than females, and the percentage of carotenoid reduction in muscle and gill tissues was higher in males.
近年来，新科学技术的应用有效改善了水产养殖生产过程。虾青素在水产养殖中具有多种特性，其抗氧化益处与抗应激能力密切相关；此外，它是许多甲壳类动物和鱼类生长的重要因素。本研究的目的是评估投喂含有不同量虾青素（AX）饲料的日本沼虾对不同理化环境冲击和应激的抵抗力。进行了为期70天的试验，以评估在日本沼虾幼体饲料中添加不同水平虾青素源（含10%虾青素的卡乐粉红，w/w，瑞士霍夫曼-罗氏公司）的效果。制备了四种干饲料：不含虾青素的AX0、含50mg/kg的AX50、含100mg/kg的AX100和含150mg/kg虾青素的AX150。饲养试验在一个由12个用于饲养沼虾的玻璃纤维水箱（1000L）组成的循环水系统中进行。每个水箱最初放养36只/m²，设置三个重复水族箱。试验期间，沼虾在普通白炽灯的12:12小时光照：黑暗光周期下饲养，水质参数维持如下：水温25 -
26°C；盐度1g/L；pH值8.5 - 8.8；溶解氧6.0 - 6.5mg/L；氨氮0.05mg/L。投喂10周后记录虾青素的掺入量、产量和生理状况。在生长周期结束时，将沼虾暴露于热休克（0°C）、氨（0.75mg/L）和低氧（0.5mg/L）环境中。记录沼虾出现昏睡的时间和完全死亡的时间。结果表明，与接受其他处理的沼虾相比，对照沼虾出现昏睡和死亡的时间最短。本研究结果表明，投喂AX150饲料的沼虾肌肉组织和鳃中类胡萝卜素的减少量比接受其他处理者更大。在低氧应激下，体内较高水平的虾青素可能对沼虾有益。这些结果表明，雄沼虾比雌沼虾更早出现昏睡，且雄沼虾肌肉和鳃组织中类胡萝卜素减少的百分比更高。
