Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Molecules. 2022 May 20;27(10):3291. doi: 10.3390/molecules27103291.
(1) Background: Dyes play an important role in food, medicine, textile, and other industries, which make human life more colorful. With the increasing demand for food safety, the development of natural dyes becomes more and more attractive. (2) Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder and this scoping review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (3) Results: 248 articles were included in this review. This review summarizes the research progress on natural dyes in the last ten years. According to structural features, natural dyes mainly include carotenoids, polyphenols, porphyrins, and alkaloids, and some of the newest dyes are summarized. Some pharmacological activities of carotenoids, anthocyanin, curcumin, and betalains in the last 10 years are summarized, and the biological effects of dyes regarding illumination conditions. The disadvantages of natural dyes, including sources, cost, stability, and poor bioavailability, limit their application. Here, some feasible strategies (potential resources, biotechnology, new extraction and separation strategies, strategies for improving stability) are described, which will contribute to the development and utilization of natural dyes. (4) Conclusion: Natural dyes show health benefits and potential in food additives. However, it is necessary for natural dyes to pass toxicity tests and quality tests and receive many regulatory approvals before their final entry into the market as food colorants or as drugs.
(1) 背景：染料在食品、医药、纺织等行业中扮演着重要的角色，使人类生活更加丰富多彩。随着人们对食品安全需求的增加，天然染料的开发变得越来越有吸引力。(2) 方法：通过电子数据库 PubMed、Web of Science 和 SciFinder 检索文献，采用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）进行综述。(3) 结果：共纳入 248 篇文章。本综述总结了过去十年天然染料的研究进展。根据结构特点，天然染料主要包括类胡萝卜素、多酚、卟啉和生物碱，总结了一些最新的染料。总结了过去 10 年类胡萝卜素、花色苷、姜黄素和甜菜红素的一些药理学活性，以及染料在光照条件下的生物效应。天然染料的缺点，包括来源、成本、稳定性和生物利用度差，限制了其应用。在这里，描述了一些可行的策略（潜在资源、生物技术、新的提取和分离策略、提高稳定性的策略），这将有助于天然染料的开发和利用。(4) 结论：天然染料在食品添加剂中具有健康益处和潜力。然而，天然染料在最终作为食品着色剂或药物进入市场之前，需要通过毒性测试和质量测试，并获得许多监管部门的批准。
