Garcia-Hevia Lorena, Valiente Rafael, Gonzalez Jesus, Fernandez-Luna Jose Luis, Villegas Juan C, Fanarraga Monica L
Department of Biologia Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain.
Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(15):1920-9. doi: 10.2174/1381612821666150302144101.
Recent research has opened new alternatives to traditional chemotherapy treatments using nanomaterials as cytotoxic agents. Anti-cancer nanomedicines do not require specific target sites on key proteins or genes to kill cancer cells and have radically different mechanisms to interact with the living matter. Among 1D nanomaterials, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have the intrinsic ability to bind tubulin and interfere with microtubule dynamics, mimicking the effect of traditional cytotoxic microtubule-binding agents such as paclitaxel (taxol®). Here, we review the cytotoxic properties of MWCNTs and show a direct pro-apoptotic effect of these nanomaterials in vitro in different cancer cell lines and tumor cells obtained from surgical specimens. Understanding the bio-synthetic relationship between MWCNTs and microtubules could serve to improve these nanomaterials to be used as broad spectrum antineoplastic agents in combination to traditional microtubule-binding treatments, thus avoiding drug resistance mechanisms in cancer cells.
最近的研究开辟了新的替代方案，使用纳米材料作为细胞毒性剂来替代传统化疗治疗。抗癌纳米药物不需要作用于关键蛋白质或基因上的特定靶点来杀死癌细胞，并且与生物物质相互作用的机制截然不同。在一维纳米材料中，多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）具有结合微管蛋白并干扰微管动力学的内在能力，模拟了传统细胞毒性微管结合剂如紫杉醇（泰素®）的作用。在此，我们综述了多壁碳纳米管的细胞毒性特性，并展示了这些纳米材料在体外对不同癌细胞系以及从手术标本中获得的肿瘤细胞的直接促凋亡作用。了解多壁碳纳米管与微管之间的生物合成关系有助于改进这些纳米材料，使其作为广谱抗肿瘤药物与传统微管结合治疗联合使用，从而避免癌细胞中的耐药机制。
