Knudsen Christelle, Combes Sylvie, Briens Christophe, Duperray Joël, Rebours Gwenaël, Salaun Jean-Marc, Travel Angélique, Weissman Delphine, Gidenne Thierry, Oswald Isabelle P
INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage), Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse, INP (Institut National Polytechnique), ENSAT (Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse), GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage), Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, GenPhySE (Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage), Toulouse, France;
CCPA, Janzé, France;
J Nutr. 2015 Mar;145(3):483-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.197871. Epub 2015 Jan 7.
Short-term feed restriction strategies are used in rabbits to reduce postweaning digestive disorders, but little is known about the involvement of the immune system in these beneficial effects.
In the present study, the consequences of feed and energy restriction on immune response were investigated.
At weaning, 320 male and female rabbits were assigned to 4 groups differing in dietary digestible energy (DE) concentrations and intake levels: a low-energy ad libitum-feed (LE100) group, a low-energy restricted-feed (LE75) group, a high-energy ad libitum-feed (HE100) group, and a high-energy restricted-feed (HE75) group. The high-energy groups consumed 10.13 MJ DE/kg of feed, whereas the low-energy groups consumed 9.08 MJ DE/kg (formulated values). Intake amounts for the restricted groups were 75% those of the ad libitum groups. Rabbits consumed these diets until age 63 d, after which they consumed feed ad libitum for 9 d. Ten rabbits per group and per age were killed at ages 42, 50, 63, and 72 d. Spleens and appendixes were weighed; Peyer's patch surface area was determined by image analysis; plasma total immunoglobulin (Ig) G and anti-ovalbumin IgG; and fecal and plasma IgA concentrations were determined by ELISA; and ileal expressions of cytokines were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at ages 50 and 63 d.
The relative weight and size of the lymphoid organs were not affected by treatments. Concentrations of plasma total IgA (-41% at 63 d and -29% at 72 d), IgG (-22% at 72 d), and anti-ovalbumin IgG (-41% at 63 d) were lower with feed restriction. Fecal IgA concentrations were lower with quantitative restriction (-40%, -52%, and -65% at age 42, 50, and 63 d, respectively) and energy restriction (-56%, -46%, and -73% at ages 50, 63, and 72 d, respectively). Feed-restricted rabbits tended to have greater expressions of interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-2 and lower expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (P < 0.1).
These results demonstrated that, in rabbits, restriction and, to a lesser extent, dietary energy concentration modulate gut immunity.
短期限饲策略用于家兔以减少断奶后消化系统疾病，但关于免疫系统在这些有益作用中的参与情况知之甚少。
在本研究中，调查限饲和能量限制对免疫反应的影响。
断奶时，将320只雄性和雌性家兔分为4组，每组家兔的日粮可消化能量（DE）浓度和摄入量水平不同：低能量自由采食组（LE100）、低能量限饲组（LE75）、高能量自由采食组（HE100）和高能量限饲组（HE75）。高能量组的日粮每千克含10.13兆焦可消化能量，而低能量组的日粮每千克含9.08兆焦（配方值）。限饲组的摄入量为自由采食组的75%。家兔采食这些日粮至63日龄，之后自由采食9天。在42、50、63和72日龄时，每组每个年龄处死10只家兔。称量脾脏和阑尾重量；通过图像分析测定派伊尔结表面积；采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测定血浆总免疫球蛋白（Ig）G和抗卵清蛋白IgG以及粪便和血浆中IgA浓度；在50和63日龄时，采用定量逆转录聚合酶链反应测定回肠细胞因子表达。
各处理对淋巴器官的相对重量和大小没有影响。限饲使血浆总IgA（63日龄时降低41%，72日龄时降低29%）、IgG（72日龄时降低22%）和抗卵清蛋白IgG（63日龄时降低41%）浓度降低。定量限饲（42、50和63日龄时分别降低40%、52%和65%）和能量限制（50、63和72日龄时分别降低56%、46%和73%）使粪便IgA浓度降低。限饲家兔的白细胞介素（IL）1β和IL-2表达倾向于更高，而肿瘤坏死因子α表达更低（P<0.1）。
这些结果表明，在家兔中，限饲以及在较小程度上日粮能量浓度可调节肠道免疫。
