中国成年人的饮料消费习惯与死亡率
Beverage habits and mortality in Chinese adults.
作者信息
Odegaard Andrew O, Koh Woon-Puay, Yuan Jian-Min, Pereira Mark A
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA;
Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore;
出版信息
J Nutr. 2015 Mar;145(3):595-604. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.200253. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
BACKGROUND
There is limited research examining beverage habits, one of the most habitual dietary behaviors, with mortality risk.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the association between coffee, black and green tea, sugar-sweetened beverages (soft drinks and juice), and alcohol and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
METHODS
A prospective data analysis was conducted with the use of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, including 52,584 Chinese men and women (aged 45-74 y) free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer at baseline (1993-1998) and followed through 2011 with 10,029 deaths. Beverages were examined with all-cause and cause-specific (cancer, CVD, and respiratory disease) mortality risk with the use of Cox proportional hazards regression.
RESULTS
The associations between coffee, black tea, and alcohol intake and all-cause mortality were modified by smoking status. Among never-smokers there was an inverse dose-response association between higher amounts of coffee and black tea intake and all-cause, respiratory-related, and CVD mortality (black tea only). The fully adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality for coffee for <1/d, 1/d, and ≥2/d relative to no coffee intake were 0.89, 0.86, and 0.83, respectively (P-trend = 0.0003). For the same black tea categories the HRs were 0.95, 0.90, and 0.72, respectively (P-trend = 0.0005). Among ever-smokers there was no association between coffee or black tea and the outcomes. Relative to no alcohol, light to moderate intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96) in never-smokers with a similar magnitude of association in ever-smokers. There was no association between heavy alcohol intake and all-cause mortality in never-smokers and a strong positive association in ever-smokers (HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.74). Green tea and sugar-sweetened beverages were not associated with all-cause or cause-specific mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher coffee and black tea intake was inversely associated with mortality in never-smokers, light to moderate alcohol intake was inversely associated with mortality regardless of smoking status, heavy alcohol intake was positively associated with mortality in ever-smokers, and there was no association between sugar-sweetened beverages and green tea and mortality.
背景
关于饮料习惯（最常见的饮食行为之一）与死亡风险的研究有限。
目的
本研究探讨咖啡、红茶和绿茶、含糖饮料（软饮料和果汁）以及酒精与全因死亡率和特定病因死亡率之间的关联。
方法
利用新加坡华人健康研究进行前瞻性数据分析，该研究纳入了52584名年龄在45 - 74岁之间、基线时（1993 - 1998年）无糖尿病、心血管疾病（CVD）和癌症的华裔男性和女性，并随访至2011年，期间有10029人死亡。使用Cox比例风险回归分析饮料与全因死亡率和特定病因（癌症、CVD和呼吸道疾病）死亡率风险之间的关系。
结果
咖啡、红茶和酒精摄入量与全因死亡率之间的关联因吸烟状况而异。在从不吸烟者中，较高的咖啡和红茶摄入量与全因、呼吸道相关和CVD死亡率（仅红茶）呈负剂量反应关系。相对于不喝咖啡，每天饮用咖啡少于1杯、1杯和≥2杯者全因死亡率的完全调整后HR分别为0.89、0.86和0.83（P趋势 = 0.0003）。对于相同的红茶类别，HR分别为0.95、0.90和0.72（P趋势 = 0.0005）。在曾经吸烟者中，咖啡或红茶与这些结果之间无关联。相对于不饮酒，轻度至中度饮酒与从不吸烟者的全因死亡率呈负相关（HR：0.87；95%CI：0.79，0.96），在曾经吸烟者中也有类似程度的关联。从不吸烟者中重度饮酒与全因死亡率无关联，而在曾经吸烟者中有很强的正相关（HR：1.56；95%CI：1.40，1.74）。绿茶和含糖饮料与全因死亡率或特定病因死亡率无关。
结论
从不吸烟者中较高的咖啡和红茶摄入量与死亡率呈负相关，轻度至中度饮酒与死亡率呈负相关，与吸烟状况无关，曾经吸烟者中重度饮酒与死亡率呈正相关，含糖饮料和绿茶与死亡率无关联。
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