Mori Koji
Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
JMA J. 2018 Sep 28;1(1):15-21. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2018-0011.
This paper reviews the circumstances, current situation, and issues for Japanese occupational health physicians and discusses future developments. The Industrial Safety and Health Act requires workplaces that regularly employ 50 or more workers to appoint one occupational health physician. Their duties have been expanded by amendments to the Act, and they now have increased authority. Under these conditions, the occupational health physicians not only comply with laws and regulations but also follow a professional code of ethics. After the Act was amended in 1996, occupational health physicians had to complete additional training requirements. Basic training courses are provided by the Japan Medical Association (JMA) and the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan. Most of the occupational health physicians certified by the JMA do not spend enough time on occupational health. Many Japanese occupational health work issues can be separated into issues of exposure, labor, and the occupational health system. Occupational health is characterized by changing needs because of new industrial structures and technological innovations. Given occupational health physicians' expanding duties and professional development, they need to collaborate with one other and other occupational health staff to meet society's expectations.
本文回顾了日本职业健康医生的相关情况、现状及问题，并探讨了未来的发展。《工业安全与健康法》要求经常雇佣50名或以上工人的工作场所指定一名职业健康医生。该法的修订扩大了他们的职责，他们现在拥有更大的权力。在这些条件下，职业健康医生不仅要遵守法律法规，还要遵循职业道德规范。1996年该法修订后，职业健康医生必须完成额外的培训要求。基础培训课程由日本医学协会（JMA）和日本职业与环境卫生大学提供。JMA认证的大多数职业健康医生在职业健康方面花费的时间不足。许多日本职业健康工作问题可分为接触问题、劳动问题和职业健康系统问题。由于新的产业结构和技术创新，职业健康的需求不断变化。鉴于职业健康医生职责的扩大和职业发展，他们需要相互协作，并与其他职业健康人员合作，以满足社会的期望。
