孕期血红蛋白浓度评估及其与不同海拔的相关性：来自巴基斯坦俾路支高原的一项研究
Evaluation of hemoglobin concentration in pregnancy and correlation with different altitude: a study from balochistan plateau of pakistan.
作者信息
Umar Zubaida, Rasool Mahmood, Asif Muhammad, Karim Sajjad, Malik Arif, Mushtaq Gohar, Kamal Mohammad A, Mansoor Arsala
机构信息
Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan.
Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Open Biochem J. 2015 Feb 23;9:7-14. doi: 10.2174/1874091X01509010007. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND
Anemia refers to a condition having low hemoglobin concentration. Anemia is considered a major risk factor for unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. This is the first study describing the pattern of hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy and its relationship to areas of high and low altitudes in Balochistan (the largest of Pakistan's four provinces). The main objective of this study was to observe hemoglobin levels and prevalence of anemia among pregnant women living in the high or low altitude areas of Balochistan.
METHODS
A randomized survey was conducted and blood samples were collected from 132 healthy full term pregnant women subjects and 110 unmarried females. The subjects of the current study were selected from two different areas of Balochistan (Quetta and Uthal). Hemoglobin levels of the subjects were analyzed on Microlab 300 by Merck kit. Dietary status of the subjects was assessed based on simplified associated food frequency questionnaire. The factors effecting hemoglobin in full term pregnancy at different altitudes were multi gravidity/parity (increased number of pregnancies/children), age, socio-economic and educational status.
RESULTS
Anemia was highly prevalent in low-altitude region (68.33%). We found statistically significant difference in mean hemoglobin level at high-altitude region (11.81 ± 1.02) and low-altitude region (10.20 ± 1.28) in pregnant females of Balochistan plateau (P < 0.001). Higher maternal age (> 35 years) has shown significantly higher anemic frequency at both high (57.89%; p < 0.002) and low (41.46%; p = 0.067) altitudes. A balanced-diet that is rich in meat products has also shown significant correlation with reduced incidences of anemia among pregnant women at both altitudes.
CONCLUSION
Hemoglobin concentration increases in the body with elevated altitudes and, thus, anemia was less frequent at high-altitude region. Factors affecting hemoglobin concentration in full term pregnancy at different altitudes included old maternal age, low body-mass index, education and diet.
背景
贫血是指血红蛋白浓度较低的一种状况。贫血被认为是导致不良妊娠结局的主要风险因素。这是第一项描述俾路支省（巴基斯坦四个省份中面积最大的省份）孕期血红蛋白浓度模式及其与高海拔和低海拔地区关系的研究。本研究的主要目的是观察生活在俾路支省高海拔或低海拔地区的孕妇的血红蛋白水平及贫血患病率。
方法
进行了一项随机调查，从132名健康足月孕妇和110名未婚女性中采集血样。本研究的对象选自俾路支省的两个不同地区（奎达和乌塔尔）。使用默克试剂盒在Microlab 300上分析受试者的血红蛋白水平。基于简化的相关食物频率问卷评估受试者的饮食状况。影响不同海拔地区足月妊娠血红蛋白的因素有多胎妊娠/产次（妊娠次数/子女数增加）、年龄、社会经济和教育状况。
结果
贫血在低海拔地区高度流行（68.33%）。我们发现俾路支高原孕妇中，高海拔地区（11.81±1.02）和低海拔地区（10.20±1.28）的平均血红蛋白水平存在统计学显著差异（P<0.001）。较高的产妇年龄（>35岁）在高海拔（57.89%；p<0.002）和低海拔（41.46%；p = 0.067）地区均显示出显著更高的贫血频率。富含肉类产品的均衡饮食在两个海拔地区的孕妇中也与贫血发病率降低显著相关。
结论
随着海拔升高，人体血红蛋白浓度增加，因此高海拔地区贫血发生率较低。影响不同海拔地区足月妊娠血红蛋白浓度的因素包括产妇年龄较大、低体重指数、教育程度和饮食。
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