Sylvester Kayla, Wang Qi-Ming, James Brielle, Mendez Russell, Hulfachor Amanda Beth, Hittinger Chris Todd
Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Laboratory of Genetics, Genome Center of Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Institute, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2015 May;15(3). doi: 10.1093/femsyr/fov002. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
Compared to its status as an experimental model system and importance to industry, the ecology and genetic diversity of the genus Saccharomyces has received less attention. To investigate systematically the biogeography, community members and habitat of these important yeasts, we isolated and identified nearly 600 yeast strains using sugar-rich enrichment protocols. Isolates were highly diverse and contained representatives of more than 80 species from over 30 genera, including eight novel species that we describe here: Kwoniella betulae f.a. (yHKS285(T) = NRRL Y-63732(T) = CBS 13896(T)), Kwoniella newhampshirensis f.a. (yHKS256(T) = NRRL Y-63731(T) = CBS 13917(T)), Cryptococcus wisconsinensis (yHKS301(T) = NRRL Y-63733(T) = CBS 13895(T)), Cryptococcus tahquamenonensis (yHAB242(T) = NRRL Y-63730(T) = CBS 13897(T)), Kodamaea meredithiae f.a. (yHAB239(T) = NRRL Y-63729(T) = CBS 13899(T)), Blastobotrys buckinghamii (yHAB196(T) = NRRL Y-63727(T) = CBS 13900(T)), Candida sungouii (yHBJ21(T) = NRRL Y-63726(T) = CBS 13907(T)) and Cyberlindnera culbertsonii f.a. (yHAB218(T) = NRRL Y-63728(T) = CBS 13898(T)), spp. nov. Saccharomyces paradoxus was one of the most frequently isolated species and was represented by three genetically distinct lineages in Wisconsin alone. We found a statistically significant association between Quercus (oak) samples and the isolation of S. paradoxus, as well as several novel associations. Variation in temperature preference was widespread across taxonomic ranks and evolutionary timescales. This survey highlights the genetic and taxonomic diversity of yeasts and suggests that host and temperature preferences are major ecological factors.
与作为实验模型系统的地位及其对工业的重要性相比，酿酒酵母属的生态学和遗传多样性受到的关注较少。为了系统地研究这些重要酵母的生物地理学、群落成员和栖息地，我们使用富含糖分的富集方案分离并鉴定了近600株酵母菌株。分离出的菌株具有高度多样性，包含来自30多个属的80多个物种的代表，包括我们在此描述的8个新物种：桦木科沃尼亚酵母f.a.（yHKS285(T)=NRRL Y-63732(T)=CBS 13896(T)）、新罕布什尔科沃尼亚酵母f.a.（yHKS256(T)=NRRL Y-63731(T)=CBS 13917(T)）、威斯康星隐球菌（yHKS301(T)=NRRL Y-63733(T)=CBS 13895(T)）、塔夸门诺隐球菌（yHAB242(T)=NRRL Y-63730(T)=CBS 13897(T)）、梅雷迪亚马氏酵母f.a.（yHAB239(T)=NRRL Y-63729(T)=CBS 13899(T)）、白金汉氏芽殖酵母（yHAB196(T)=NRRL Y-63727(T)=CBS 13900(T)）、松沟假丝酵母（yHBJ21(T)=NRRL Y-63726(T)=CBS 13907(T)）和卡尔伯特森氏圆酵母f.a.（yHAB218(T)=NRRL Y-63728(T)=CBS 13898(T)），新物种。奇异酿酒酵母是最常分离出的物种之一，仅在威斯康星州就由三个遗传上不同的谱系代表。我们发现栎属（橡树）样本与奇异酿酒酵母的分离之间存在统计学上的显著关联，以及一些新的关联。温度偏好的变化在分类等级和进化时间尺度上广泛存在。这项调查突出了酵母的遗传和分类多样性，并表明宿主和温度偏好是主要的生态因素。
